A Walk To Remember By Gandhi . In India’S History, Many

A Walk To Remember by Gandhi In India’s history, many men and women have stepped forward to leave a legacy behind. However, no one has come close to leaving one behind the way Mohandas Gandhi did. Gandhi was known as a legend by the people of India because he led their country to freedom from British rule. During this time, Britain was one of the most powerful nations and most heavily armed group of men. The biography, Gandhi The Man, His People, And The Empire , written by Gandhi’s grandson, explains from a family perspective, how Gandhi was a powerful leader that conducted a peaceful protest with non-violence. In this biography, the narrator explains some of Gandhi’s worst flaws and greatest achievements. Even though India faced†¦show more content†¦From that moment, Gandhi became cognizant of his values and beliefs. At the end of Gandhi’s high school education, he decided he wanted to be a lawyer. In order to do so, Gandhi sought to go to England. In Gandhi’s own wo rds, â€Å"It was an uncommon thing for a young man from Rajkot to go to England† (Gandhi 21). Mohandas went to England with a friend, leaving his wife, son, and mother all behind. On his trip to England, Mohandas Gandhi struggled with the English language, and how to eat with utensils. Gandhi, who did not eat meat, survived off sweets and fruits on the ship because he was afraid to ask which foods were meat free. Rather than engaging with others, Gandhi remained reserved on the ship. The ship docked on September 29, 1988, and from there, Gandhi took a train to London. Eventually, Gandhi arrived at the Victoria Hotel, where he stayed. Gandhi described London to be â€Å"alive with ideas and movements† (Gandhi 29). Gandhi enrolled at the Inner Temple University, and graduated in 1891. He was then admitted to the bar of England, and began reading the ideas of David Thoreau on nonviolence. These ideas shaped Gandhi’s beliefs on handling matters without violence. He soon realized he could not be successful as a lawyer in England and returned to India. However, this did not stop Gandhi’s adventures. Gandhi soon traveled to South Africa to work for a firm.Show MoreRelatedGandhi Essays1750 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Guide for Gandhi Video: (Complete all 17 of these questions to answer prior to class, please.) 1. What was the principle or personal lesson that Gandhi taught his Christian clergyman friend, from the clergyman’s own law? Gandhi taught many lessons to his Christian clergyman friend, but the principal was probably that the lesson taught in the bible need it to be implemented in real life, on each act of our life and not only be preach. 2. What was the irony of Gandhi fighting for IndianRead MoreSummary of Ghandi the Movie6362 Words   |  26 PagesGandhi was a small Indian man that faced the British Empires policies of injustice, discrimination, and colonial control without using a single punch or bullet, or in any way using violence as a weapon. The fact that he defeated the British Empire by winning Indian Independence is considered as testimony that Gandhi should be given the status of being remembered as a ‘great man’ in history. Gandhi began his work against the injustices of the British Empire when he was still a young man in SouthRead MoreIndia vs Bharat4777 Words   |  20 Pagesnumber of mobiles sold in a month since 1995. An editorial in The Hindu dated 28 January 2006 says that there are 260 million Indians(193 million in rural areas and 67 million in urban areas) who are still living below the poverty line, according to Indias first Social Development Report. I am in a dilemma after reading these two articles. I do not whether I should rejoice for the development of my country or I should feel sad for the pathetic condition of my countrymen. It was ten days back that IRead MoreConclusion on Travel Retail6817 Words   |  28 Pagesis a joint venture company between DIAL (Delhi International Airport Private Limited), IDFS Tradings Pvt Ltd and ARI (Aer Rianta International ). The company was awarded the concession to manage and operate the Duty Free Shops at Terminal 3,Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi. DDFS will be single largest duty free retail operator in India operating out of T3, the 6th largest single terminal building in terms of floor area. Travel Retail Strategy According to Mark Ivory Vice President forRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 Pagesovernight was out of the question for many because hotel rooms were so high priced. For example, prices ranged from $110 to $380 a night at the Newport Bay Club, the largest of EuroDisney’s six new hotels and one of the biggest in Europe. In comparison, a room in a top hotel in Paris cost between $340 and $380 a night. Financial losses became so massive at EuroDisney that the president had to structure a rescue package to put EuroDisney back on ï ¬ rm ï ¬ nancial ground. Many French bankers questioned the initialRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesNational Knowledge Commission Acknowledgements vii Executive Summary Why Entrepreneurship: Given the increasing signiï ¬ cance and visible impact of Entrepreneurship in wealth-creation and employment-generation, NKC considers it critical to India’s growth and development. It has undertaken this study to explore factors that have advanced Entrepreneurship in India as also various other factors that could further encourage and facilitate even greater growth. 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Essay about Importance of the Ocean in Chopins Awakening

Importance of the Ocean in Chopins Awakening In Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, Chopin uses the motif of the ocean to signify the awakening of Edna Pontellier. Chopin compares the life of Edna to the dangers and beauty of a seductive ocean. Ednas fascinations with the unknown wonders of the sea help influence the reader to understand the similarities between Ednas life and her relationship with the ocean. Starting with fear and danger of the water then moving to a huge symbolic victory over it, Chopin uses the ocean as a powerful force in Ednas awakening to the agony and complexity of her life. Danger and beauty serve as Ednas first outlook on the ocean. Early in her development, Edna observes the ocean†¦show more content†¦The voice of the sea speaks to the soul. (14) Ednas senses are stimulated by all the sounds of the ocean. Along with the call of the sea, Edna becomes more aware of her own self and desires, which lead her to look within herself. As Ednas relationship with the ocean becomes more intimate, she treats the ocean as if it were her lover and true desire. The touch of the sea is sensuous enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace. The `dreaded fear has now converted to a `sensuous outlook. Edna is hungry to experience all the elements of the ocean and, at the same time, she is opening herself to exploring her inner feelings. With her new familiarity with the sea, Edna constructs a divergent perspective of the water and its potent force in her life. The new awareness gives Edna courage to face her fears. Instead of depending on someone to help her in the water, she decides to start swimming by herself. This act represents a major step in Ednas awakening to independence. One day, Edna becomes possessed with a power that she all of a sudden realizes she has inside her. A feeling of exultation overtook her, as if some power of significant import had been given her soul. She grew daring and reckless, overestimating her strength. She wanted to swim far out, where no woman had swumShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Setting and Symbols in The Awakening by Kate Chopin1014 Words   |  5 Pagesthe meadow in Kentucky, symbols and settings in The Awakening are prominent and provide a deeper meaning than the text does alone. Throughout The Awakening by Kate Chopin, symbols and setting recur representing Edna ’s current progress in her awakening. The reader can interpret these and see a timeline of Edna’s changes and turmoil as she undergoes her changes and awakening. The setting Edna is in directly affects her temperament and awakening: Grand Isle provides her with a sense of freedom; NewRead More Symbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Kate Chopins The Awakening Chopins The Awakening is full of symbolism.   Rather than hit the reader on the head with blunt literalism, Chopin uses symbols to relay subtle ideas.   Within each narrative segment, Chopin provides a symbol that the reader must fully understand in order to appreciate the novel as a whole.   I will attempt to dissect some of the major symbols and give possible explanations as to their importance within the text.   Art itself is a symbol of both freedomRead MoreEssay on symbolaw Use of Symbols and Symbolism in The Awakening1292 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Symbolism in Chopins The Awakening The Awakening is a novel full of symbolism; within each narrative segment there is often a central and powerful symbol that serves to add meaning to the text and to underline some subtle point Chopin is making. Understanding the meaning of these symbols is vital to a full appreciation of the story. This essay lists some of the major symbols with explanations of their importance. Art becomes a symbol of both freedom and failure. It is through theRead MoreThe Female Role in William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Katherine Mansfields â€Å"Miss Brill,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm.†1329 Words   |  5 PagesReading literature, at first, might seem like simple stories. However, in works like William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Katherine Mansfields â€Å"Miss Brill,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm,† the female protagonists are examples of how society has oppressive expectations of them simply because of their gender. Curry believes that Faulkner displays the story of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† through scenes of gender differences. The beginning of the story shows the motivational split between men and women.Read More Importance of Water in The Awakening Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Water in The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopins The Awakening begins set in Grande Isle which is the summer get-away for a few families of New Orleans upper-class. It is a community of cottages owned by the Lebrun family. Edna Pontellier and her husband Leonce summer there with there two children. This is the setting where Edna also develops a close relationship with Robert Lebrun. He is one of Madame Lebruns sons who helps her run the cottages for the Pontelliers and theRead More Choosing between Family and Individuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening2309 Words   |  10 PagesChoosing between Family and Individuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopins The Awakening focuses on a womans struggle to become an individual while still being a mother and wife. In the process of this journey, the female heroine discovers that establishing her own identity means losing a mothers identity. Edna looks to be the brave soul, a soul that dares and defies (Chopin 61). Ednas society looked down upon females who seek anything other than attending toRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1563 Words   |  7 Pages The Awakening by Kate Chopin The title of Kate Chopin’s novella is significant and full of enriched symbols that reflect Edna’s Awakening. Edna is waking up her understanding of herself as an individual. Not as a mother nor a wife, but who she is as a woman and a sexual being. Throughout the novel, there are a few distinct types of awakenings; from her awakening to herself as an artist, realizing that she can have her own opinion over what kind of music she liked, and the most important, Edna realizedRead MoreResearch Paper on Kate Chopin and Her Works2380 Words   |  10 Pages Kate Chopin is best known for her novel, The Awakening, published in 1899. After its publication, The Awakening created such uproar that its author was alienated from certain social circles in St. Louis. The novel also contributed to rejections of Chopins later stories including, The Story of An Hour and The Storm. The heavy criticism that she endured for the novel hindered her writing. The male dominated world was simply not ready for such an honest exploration of female independence, a frankRead MoreFeminism and Emotional Liberation in Kate Chopins The Awakening2642 Words   |  11 PagesLiberation in The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In our time, the idea of feminism is often portrayed as a modern one, dating back no further than the famous bra-burnings of the 1960s. Perhaps this is due to some unconscious tendency to assume that ones own time is the most enlightened in history. But this tendency is unfortunate, because it does not allow readers to see the precursors of modern ideas in older works. A prime example of this is Kate Chopins novel The Awakening, which explores theRead MoreEdna Pontellier Analysis1868 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopment, Mrs. Pontellier exhibits characteristics that would not be deemed as acceptable behavior from a married woman of the late 1800’s as American society is beginning to see a shift into the Industrial Revolution. Throughout Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Edna Pontellier undergoes several episodes of bipolar behavior through her activities and her family life that leads to her suicide. This analysis outlines the externalizations of her radical thoughts as a married women and how they contrast

Symptoms And Treatment Of Rubella - 2212 Words

Introduction Rubella virus was the first teratogenic agent to be identified as it disturbs the embryonic development. While the clinical symptoms of rubella infections acquired postnatally are usually mild, and many infections are asymptomatic, this virus can be even fatal for the fetus during pregnancy. The rubella virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract and nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue, and the virus then spreads to surrounding regional lymph and then bloodstream. It’s highly contagious disease as its transmission occurs by spread of the airborne droplet from person to person. Perhaps it’s the critical period of fetus development and the damages of this teratogenic virus that many studies have been done regarding to the different aspects of congenital rubella. Congenital rubella syndrome The mechanism by which the rubella virus infects the fetus and causes fetal damage is poorly understood. However different suggestions has been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of congenital rubella infection. One study suggests that the immune tolerance in pregnancy explain the RV pathogenesis, as immune system undergoes changes to adapt to fetus and placenta, it becomes more vulnerable. Also the limited maternal passive immunity in the fetus during early pregnancy means that the virus can spread through the bloodstream of the mother and may damage different organs like the placenta. As a result of placental damage, the virus is enabled to cross the placenta intoShow MoreRelatedRubella Is An Infection Of The Skin1138 Words   |  5 PagesRubella is an infection of the skin involving a rash on the skin. Rubella can be spread from person to person as early as one week before the rash begins and as late as one to two weeks after the rash is gone. Usually there are few symptoms including headache, fever, runny nose and headache prior to the appearance of the rash. In pregnant women however, the rash can be passed on to the unborn child. Complications from rubella during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage or still birth. (U.S. NationalRead MoreCase Studies1488 Words   |  6 PagesBrantley Microbiology Case Studies 1.1-1.8 Case 1.1 1. The fertility specialist recommended the rubella vaccine because if the rubella virus is contracted early in pregnancy there is an increased risk of miscarriage or birth defects such as deafness, cataracts, mental retardation, heart defects, liver and spleen damage. There are contraindications related to conceiving within four weeks of receiving the rubella vaccination because it is a â€Å"live† vaccine and could still cause complications. 2. In the UnitedRead MoreThe Link Between Autism And Autism1580 Words   |  7 Pageswas assumed by some to be bad parenting. Today, however, there is general agreement that the symptoms of autism, with the exception of those of abandoned children, are a behavioral response by young children to an organic disease affecting their brains. In fact, it is now generally understood that autism is a complex developmental syndrome representing a heterogeneous group of disorders with similar symptoms, but with different biological etiol ogies. Realizing that autism does not have a single causeRead MoreAutism Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesthat carry high levels of Mercury. Obtaining diseases such as; Rubella or Encephalitis while carrying a child could have some negative effects prior to the infant being born. Environmental factors such as, Mercury and other environmental toxins of those types could be a cause for the development of autism. The use of alcohol or drugs prior to the child being born also could be another factor. Doctors must look for signs or symptoms before they can diagnose a child as autistic. If they see multipleRead MoreSoar Research Paper: Theories Of Autism. Autism Is Known1454 Words   |  6 Pagessegments of genetic code that children with autism may have inherited. Autism symptoms and their severity vary widely across these three core areas. (After the Diagnosis) Together, they may result in relatively mild challenges for someone on the high functioning end of the autism spectrum. While autism is usually a lifelong condition, all children and adults benefit from interventions, or therapies, that can reduce symptoms and increase skills and abilities. Autism can cause many different characteristicsRead MoreVaccine Requirements : Vaccine Requirement Rights1149 Words   |  5 PagesKrystal Egbuchunam Ms. Anderson 5 May, 2016 Vaccine Requirement Rights I. Introduction â€Å"For just a few dollars a dose, vaccines save lives and help reduce poverty. Unlike medical treatment, they provide a lifetime of protection from deadly and debilitating disease. They are safe and effective. They cut health care and treatment costs, reduce the number of hospital visits, and ensure healthier children, families and communities† (Berkley). Parents believe that by passing up on a chance to let their childrenRead MoreDiabetes : Symptoms, Causes, And Treatments1528 Words   |  7 Pagesproperly to insulin, or in some cases, both could be the case. Patients with high blood sugar will most likely experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia). (Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments). Statistics shows that the American diabetes incidence is the highest in developed countries, accounting for 7.8% of the population. New research from United States Centers for Disease Control and Preventi on (CDC) show that an overwhelmingRead MoreRubella and Neonatal Effects Essay example2153 Words   |  9 PagesRubella and Neonatal Effects Rubella is an essentially harmless disease that resembles measles, however, it is highly teratogenic to a developing fetus. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, the fetus is at risk to develop Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) which can result in tissue and organ damage. Proper nursing interventions and teaching should be done to prevent the spread of rubella and to lower the rates of CRS. A History and Epidemiology for Rubella Until the 18th century, rubellaRead MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Measles, Mumps, And Rubella1658 Words   |  7 Pagesperson Incubation period: can range from 12-25 days but is usually 16-18 days Infectious period: ranges from 1 week to 9 days after the onset of parotitis Notification: To the local medical officer of health Prevention method: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. And cases should be excluded from early childhood services or school until 9 days after the onset of parotitis. Any unimmunised contacts should be advised not to attend early childhood services or school until 26 days after the appearanceRead MorePseudoscience Of Chiropractic And Its Effects On Society1442 Words   |  6 Pages(chiropractic) was used in the medicine and would not allow any vaccine inoculation to be made available to people, which is chiropractic theory. Chiropractic followers set up own theory, method and system and peddle this treatment. As modern humans we enjoy a wide range of medical treatment, and they provide a healthier life. However, advances in modern medicine as with the further research traditional medicines like chiropractic it met with incredulity. For decades the chiropractic has denied modern medicine

The Violation Of Reproductive Freedom - 1210 Words

Violation of Reproductive Freedom Up until the 1970s, a number of US states participated in the involuntary sterilization of women considered to be â€Å"feeble-minded† (Goering, 2014). California, the state with the highest number of involuntary sterilizations at the time, commonly saw this procedure happen to women who were either incarcerated, committed to mental asylums, or otherwise considered to be unfit mothers (Bouche Rivard, 2014). The scientists and doctors performing these sterilizations were motivated by the greater good they believed they would to bring individuals and the whole of society. In actuality, these particular eugenicists had deeply rooted discriminatory prejudices as well as numerous scientific inaccuracies built into their presumptions. Gender, race, and class were problematic variables in these assumptions of motherly aptitude, and their effects unfortunately impacted individuals by stripping them of their reproductive rights (Bouche Rivard, 2014). This example is not the only way in which the controversy of classism emerges in the field of eugenics. Classist Polarization In more recent years, the notion has come about that that couples and individuals may take an interest in eugenics on behalf of their potential offspring. The idea is that people of their own free will choose to partake in these scientific advances in order to benefit their children and give them genetics that the parents personally find to be advantageous. However, this optionShow MoreRelatedA Proposal For A Legalization Of Abortion1585 Words   |  7 Pages Executive Summary The purpose of this policy paper is to address the egregious violation of rights that Ireland has submitted it’s citizens to by outlawing abortion procedures. This proposal calls primarily for a decriminalization of abortion and for the government to examine the religiosity of both Ireland’s political administration and the cultural view of abortion. The 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act fails to protect the maternal health of woman and is failing due to the vaguenessRead MoreThe Benefits Of Human Reproductive Cloning989 Words   |  4 PagesIn measuring the benefits, human reproductive cloning would be advantageous to the well-being of humans and because it is a fulfillment of personal autonomy. Firstly, this technique is a sound method for infertile couples to have a genetically related ‘child’ and it is a method to provide a patient medical treatment in a form of gene therapy or organ transplants (Hayry 2003). Secondly, the value of personal self-governance has been emphasized by human traditions in which the liberty of individualsRead MoreThe Rights Of The United Kingdom1734 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehensive pregnancy services and information that mentioned abortion; this posed health risks to women who sought legal abortion services outside of Ireland. Clinics were forced to close due to law violations, which increased the scarcity of available birth control. Moreover, the 8th Amendment limited a woman’s freedom to travel abroad to different states that offered legal abortion services. The issues with the 8th Amendment were finally addressed in the 1992 Supreme Court Case Attorney General v. X. A 14Read MoreSelecting the Gender of a Baby: The issue on whether parents should be allowed to choose the sex1500 Words   |  6 Pagesproponents and opponents of such practice. This issue has received huge attention because of long-term use of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) to help pregnant women in the United States and across the globe. This technology basically involves the transfer of fertilized human embryos into a woman’s uterus through in vitro fertilization (IVF). Advances in Assisted Reproductive Technology have contributed to various innovations such as Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, which enables parents toRead MoreEugenic Decision-Making1489 Words   |  6 PagesOne problem involves a systematic prejudice of society due to a lack of government regulation. Laissez-faire eugenics calls for total reproductive freedom in which parents are able to make decisions concerning what traits they want their children to have according to personal preferences (1, Kitcher, p.197). Their values can be bias in which total reproductive freedom becomes an outlet for prejudice because the children will be a manifestation of their parent’s ideals, inevitably turning people intoRead MoreThe Problems of Teaching Creationism in Schools1465 Words   |  6 Pagesto believe in whatever religious or spiritual system they want. Living in America, people are legally guaranteed that freedom, as well as protection from being persecuted for their beliefs. Recently there’s been a lot of talk in the media about religious freedom, as a result of the gay marriage controversies. Many people have cited gay marriage as an attack on their religious freedom. However, an excellent Huffington Post article highlights what qualifies as a threat to religious liberty and what doesn’tRead MoreFreedom to vs. Freedom from1145 Words   |  5 Pagesjustification of human rights violations. This justification only limits the liberties citizens experience, and taunts their once freeing rights, such as the prerogative to explore sexuality. Gilead’s only freedom, is freedom from all other liberties, or as Aunt Lydia would describe, freedom from the anarchy that unveiled in the first society. The novel’s protagonist, Offred, uses two sets of images to recount the vast difference between a â€Å"freedom to† society, and a â€Å"freedom from† society. She recallsRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagestruly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seen as secondary or conflicting with men’s rights, religious freedoms, the rights of the unborn child, or even financial concerns†(Flora). However different we may appear, there is far more thatRead MoreFreedom Of Speech And Assembly1366 Words   |  6 PagesWe see the word â€Å"freedom† appear everywhere in America. Our national anthem proudly proclaims that we are â€Å"the land of the freeâ⠂¬ ; however, when people assert that this country was founded as a nation of freedom for all, they seem to conveniently forget that the only people such â€Å"freedom† applied to at the time were property-owning white men. Many would think that we have evolved as a nation since then, but various incidents throughout American history prove otherwise. Merriam-Webster helpful definesRead MoreThe Rights Of The State Of Connecticut1224 Words   |  5 Pagesof a direct violation to the U.S. constitution. The two arguments being made are not exactly comparable. The argument for the plaintiff is that No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law...nor deny any person the equal protection of the laws (Amendment 14, Section 1). This is claiming that it is a violation to their rights

Management Software Resolves ITSM †free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Management Software Resolves ITSM. Answer: Introduction Organisational culture can be demarcated as the systems of shared assumptions, beliefs, and values of an establishment that governs how people behave or operates. Culture here can be defined as the unique personality of an establishment. In an organisation where people works together, organisational culture is a powerful force that affects the performance and behaviour of the staffs and workers. These shared values of the organisation have a very strong influence on the workers of the company and dictates how they have to dress, act or perform their duties and responsibilities. Every successful organisation progresses and preserves a unique culture that creates guidelines, principles and boundaries for the performance and behaviour of the members of the establishment. According to Needle 2004, organisational culture portrays the shared values, beliefs, principles and guidelines of the organisational members and also is the product of such factors such as history, product, market, tec hnology, strategy, and management styles and also includes the organisations mission and visions. This study will outline the analysis of the culture of Virgin Atlantic. It will outline the theoretical framework in the study of organisational culture for conducting the analysis of Virgin Atlantic. It will present a particular practice of the stated company. In addition to this, the study will also outline the analysis of practice, issue, events while choosing a specific theoretical framework and concept. Virgin Atlantic is the trade name of Virgin Atlantic Airways and Virgin Atlantic International Airways. It is a British Company and is headquartered at Crawley, United Kingdom. The stated company offers commercial airline services. It deals flights to numerous destinations in the United States, Africa, Asia, Mexico and Middle east and globally("Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd, UK", 2008). It also offers hotel, car flights and holiday booking services. The company was previously known as Ritter Public Limited Company and was altered in May 1984. The stated Airline Company was incorporated in 1981 and had additional offices in many countries such as United States, China, India, UAE and many others. With more than 35 years of service, the company has become the worlds leading airlines serving the worlds major cities. The company has become the people champion by providing better service and low cost to travellers with a status of innovative product growth and quality. The Virgin Atlantic was established as a derivative of Richard Bransons Virgin Group which was known for world of pop and rock music. But after recognising that aviation is a customer oriented industry, he with his infectious enthusiasm started the company. Staffs were hired for it, an aircraft was found, license was adopted and uniforms were designed for the staffs("Virgin Atlantic", 2015). With its never ending customer service and low fares, the company is now able to operate in many international nations. It now serves over 30 destinations from North America to African adventures to Caribbean Islands to Asia. In the current business context, the stated company operates a total of 32 daily flights between North America and UK. Virgin Atlantic Organisational Culture Practices Virgin Atlantic, the aviation industry leader for the busy routes, differentiates strongly on customer experience. The company is aimed in providing end-to-end discriminated service starting from the point of booking via their website. Virgin Atlantic is committed in putting the customers at the heart of every operation it does("Virgin Atlantic", 2015). The stated establishment is optimising on every operations of customer experience by analysing and recognising the all aspects of customer journey. In the year 2014, the management of the company developed a five year business plan to provide a series of objectives attached against a number of areas across the business operations. Its unique customer serving culture has made the company to commit an investment of 1.6 billion towards its customer experience. The investment made by company involves some specific projects that will build the companys abilities to personalise its service, an area the management believes to improve the cus tomer experience. It is very significant for any business irrespective of its business mainly in the current business context to deliver outstanding level of customer facility for increasing the rate of customer retention and to attract new consumers for the business. This is because in aviation industry, the quality and attributes of the customer service playing a noteworthy role in the purchasing decision of the customers("Virgin Atlantic Economy Meal", 2014). The importance of excellent and quality customer service is mandatory for airline sector as today there are many businesses competing in this sector targeting dissimilar customer segments. At the same time, businesses are also increasing its wings to reach every possible customer and increasing the profitability of the company. With its excellent customer service and Richard Bransons idea of putting the customer first has made the company global and now it employs over thousands of staffs. The main motive of the study is to outline the unique customer service practiced by Virgin Atlantic. The stated establishment has a very unique way of handling customer services that enhances the customer satisfaction. The human resource management of Virgin Atlantic hire people who like people("Virgin Atlantic", 2014). The company shared the value of treating people with respect, kindness and competency. The employees of the company works with a view that every problem of its customers are their own problem. The employees apologize, emphasize and response by helping each person trying to get on a specific flight to making it safely in his or her assigned seat. The employees of the company never lost sight regarding what is right for the customers. Virgin Atlantic pulls employees from every part of the airport, including its sister airline to get the flight off the ground. The company embrace improvisation and teamwork towards delivering an excellent customer service. The customer se rvice team of Virgin Atlantic deliver quality customer service with good humour, friendship and with true desire to help. Justification of Theoretical Framework Scheins organizational culture model is being selected in this study for the purpose of analysing Virgin Atlantic organizational culture. Schein theoretical framework examines the organizational culture with distinct processes. This theoretical model is introduced by Edgar Schein and according to him organization does not assume a culture in only one day or in short time period rather, it is created in due course of time because the employees carry on with different variations, acclimatize to the exterior atmosphere and resolve issues. They also conduct their pat experiences and then start working on it daily, so creates the culture of the working place. The new workers even endeavor hard to adjust to the current culture and enjoy a tension free life. In other words organizational development and knowledge variation cannot be known without concerning culture as the main source of challenges to change. Schein defined the model into three different stages of organizational culture such as artefacts, espoused values and basic assumptions. Artefacts mainly portray the cultural behaviours shown by the workers in the company that are quite visible. Artefacts are basically defined as the visible symbols of the companys culture. They are visible, can also be heard, felt and seen. This stage even blots the surface of the company. They can be visible as architectures, approaches, corporate dresses, logos and also by structure in the firm(Tschohl, 2009). They are visible by workers and also visible by external bodies. Another stage is Espoused values, this stage shows the moral values which are implemented by the workers that represents the characteristic of companys culture. These are considered as the public statements regarding what organizational values are about. Various companies connect what their primer values are, the espoused values through which the company adopt its business. Thi s considers rules, standard and values of conduct. The values and morals of the workers play a significant role in the company in order to decide the organizational culture. The thinking process and perception of workers has profound effect on the culture of the firm. Basic assumption portrays the rudiments values of the company that is not visible(Tschohl, 2009). These are the fundamental values under which the culture is based. This assumption are also hard top demonstrate, also intangible and only understood by people who have become familiar to the path on which company operates. The company follows particular practices that are not described but understood on their own, those rules or assumptions form the last stage of the organizational culture. An assumption value is a belief which is taken for granted as a matter of subject and it is never confronted. This assumption in the company is helpful because when the basic assumptions are being understood then inaccessible artefacts and values become logical and consistent. Scheins model of organizational culture has been selected for analysing virgin Atlantic as this model can analyse the organizational culture in depth. This model is totally accentuated on deep values of the company. This model is quite sensible for having discussions with many workers for discovering the aspects and background of the organizational culture(Balmforth, 2009). The management of the company should be conscious about that changes in culture of the company are transformation process and also the behaviour should be unknown first before current behaviours can be known in its place. When any differences arises in the company this model will help the cultures intervention should take place in the firm. New corporate style, logos and also customers orientation training will not be adequate with this model. And also it will make significant in the company that results should be measured and also good performances should be appreciated and awarded. Explanation of Scheins Culture Model Theoretical Framework Scheins organizational culture model represented into three different stages of organizational culture such as Artefacts, Espoused values and Basic assumptions in figure 1, basically a theoretical framework that is mainly used by various scholars for the purpose analysing the companys organizational culture because it is helpful in giving a deep analysis of the organizational culture in the firm(Sadq, 2016). This theoretical model is introduced by Edgar Schein and according to him organization does not assume a culture in only one day or in short time period rather, it is created in due course of time because the employees carry on with different variations, acclimatize to the exterior atmosphere and resolve issues. They also conduct their pat experiences and then start working on it daily, so creates the culture of the working place. The new workers even endeavour hard to adjust to the current culture and enjoy a tension free life. In other words organizational development and knowl edge variation cannot be known without concerning culture as the main source of challenges to change(Tschohl, 2009). Edgar Schein also describes culture as rudiments assumption that can be implemented by employees and also considers their ideas, nature, perception and the way of functioning. According to Edgar Schein, culture is a secreted part whereby employees in the company perform their principles and values without concerning about anything. This model is totally accentuated on deep values of the company. This model is quite sensible for having discussions with many workers for discovering the aspects and background of the organizational culture. The management of the company should be conscious about that changes in culture of the company are transformation process and also the behaviour should be unknown first before current behaviours can be known in its place(Finkle, 2011). This model of organizational culture primarily aims at analysing what culture is and also how it impa cts over on the company. It also explains how to understand and learned it for acting on it along with cultural variations and changes. This model is succeeding to give appropriate material and reflecting lights to anyone of the confusing organizational dimensions. Analysis of Virgin Atlantic Customer Service Practices The organisational culture practice of serving customers with quality will be analysed by using Scheins organisational culture model. A total agenda or approach of Virgin Atlantic practice of putting its customer in every possible aspect will be examined in deep with Scheins organisational culture model. Artefacts of Scheins organisational culture model portray the way of Virgin Atlantic practices the customer service culture through its employees. Virgin Atlantic emphasis on customer satisfaction and have a practice of putting the customer first outlines the unique customer service of the company. The first evidence is the behaviour of Virgin Atlantic employees regarding putting the customers first in every possible aspect(Cameron, 2010). The practice of keeping customers first ensures that customers are properly taken care of and does not feel ignored while getting the services from the company. Putting the customers first practice by the company is done to give respect to the customers. According to Richard Branson, customers today have a very increased sense of urgency. It is now important to respond quickly to the customers complaint and is also important to respond properly. It is important for the employees to hear the complaints of the customers at the first place and have to pay attention to solve those issues. At Virgin Atlantic, customer service starts at the top and continues till every demand of the customer gets meet. Richard Branson has clearly outlined his employees to express passion towards commitment in serving the customers. Another thing on which Virgin Atlantic emphasis is towards its employees recruitment("Building an airline through brand values: A Virgin Atlantic case study", 2017). The company considers its employees as it greatest assets. According to Richard Branson, the structures and facilities Virgin Atlantic offers such as mood lightening, leather seats, newer planes, and seatback entertaining systems are all part of the customers ticket buying package and is very different from any other aviation company. All the facilities of the company entice its customers to give the company product and service a try. The quality of interaction employees of the company gives to the customers encourages them to return to the stated company. Values and Beliefs of Virgin Atlantic Values and beliefs in Scheins organisational culture model are linked to the vision, mission, values, principled codes and philosophies of an organisation. Virgin Atlantic has successfully utilised its values in developing the perception of a corporate behaviour, in proposing a unique amalgamation of service elements and attributes, which differentiates the company apart from all other aviation company in competition(Balmforth, 2009). It had developed a service brand that outlines both individualistic attributes and quality of service. The values of Virgin Atlantic are something that keeps its people, its products and its partners on a path to change the business for good. These are the elements that make the stated company so special and deliver quality assistance to each and every customer(Balmforth, 2009). With its great customer service, it has become the preferred carrier for many frequent flyers due to its overall deliberation of passenger needs, whether in-flight or airlines a irport amenities. All the operations done by the employees of Virgin Atlantic are in favour of customers and every employee is directly related to firm customers. Basic Assumption referred to the practices done by the employees of the company in every aspect of the companys business operations. The basic assumption of Virgin Atlantic is regarding putting the customers first in every possible situation. It is inspired by the strategy of Richard Branson and embraced by companys management(Andrup, 2010). Putting customers first is the main reason of Virgin Atlantic success. With this strategy, Virgin Atlantic employees focus on customers and it is on their daily routine. Interacting with the customers and maintaining good relation with them is the main feature of customer service strategy of Virgin Atlantic. Conclusion It has been found in the study that in the current business context, customers today have a very increased sense of urgency. It is now important to respond quickly to the customers complaint and is also important to respond properly. It is important for the employees to hear the complaints of the customers at the first place and have to pay attention to solve those issues. The study revealed that Virgin Atlantic has successfully utilised its values in developing the perception of a corporate personality, in proposing a unique grouping of service fundamentals and characteristics, which differentiates the company apart from all other aviation company in competition. It had established a service brand that outlines both distinctive attributes and superiority of service. References Andrup, N. (2010). Colorful aircraft. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History. Balmforth, J. (2009).Virgin Atlantic. Hersham: Midland. Building an airline through brand values: A Virgin Atlantic case study. (2017). Retrieved from https://dgstand.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/building-an-airline-through-brand-values.pdf Cameron,, M. (2010). HP Business Service Management software resolves ITSM problems at Virgin Atlantic. Retrieved from https://static.ziftsolutions.com/files/8a7c9fef2a35b18d012a384a889325cf.pdf Finkle, T. (2011). Richard Branson and Virgin, Inc.Journal Of The International Academy For Case Studies. Retrieved from https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-265104176/richard-branson-and-virgin-inc Sadq, Z. (2016). Virgin Group Success Businesses: Diversification, and Key Strengths.Account And Financial Management Journal,1(2), 78-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1234.67/afmj.1007 Tschohl, J. (2009). Good Values Makes Good Business Sense. Retrieved from https://www.customer-service.com/file_redirect.jsp?siteObjectID=10911449fname=Good-Value-Makes-Good-Business-Sense.pdf Virgin Atlantic. (2014).Virgin Atlantic Annual Report. Retrieved from https://www.virginatlantic.com/content/dam/vaa/documents/footer/mediacentre/VAL_FY14_Annual_Report.pdf Virgin Atlantic. (2015).Virgin Atlantic Annual Report. Retrieved from https://www.virginatlantic.com/content/dam/vaa/documents/footer/mediacentre/VAL_FY15_Annual_Report.pdf Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd, UK. (2008). Retrieved from https://www.designmanagementexcellence.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Virgin-Atlantic.pdf Virgin Atlantic Economy Meal. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.effectivedesign.org.uk/sites/default/files/6.4.1%20Virgin%20Atlantic%20Airways.pdf

Prosthesis in Dentistry

Question: Describe about prosthesis in dentistry. Answer: Introduction Prosthesis in dentistry refers to the process of replacing a single tooth or several teeth as well as missing tissues. If it happens that the teeth are not stable or are missing entirely, they can be restored back by the use of eitherfixed or removable prostheses, a painless solution.In fixed prosthesis, the missing teeth are replaced by the use of bridges or crowns through cementing directly on the teeth. The removable prosthesisfor the teeth are attached to the toothless jaw incase a tooth is totally missing or directly on the teeth or implants, if it is only some teeth which are missing (Li et al., 2013). Under normal circumstances, if one or more teeth are lost this causes the neighboring teeth to move over time. Thus the remaining gaps needs to be filled up early enough while there is still sufficient space to reposition the tooth. If this is not done as early as possible, the body begins to close this gap by moving the nearby teeth and its opposite number on the other jaw. The result of this reposition is occlusion of the mouth, resulting in several consequences for the temporomandibular joints as well as other repercussions on the spine. Protracting and retracting the soft tissues However, the oral cavity is a very difficult area to treat in restorative dentistry since the cheeks, tongue and lips provide difficulties in accessing and visualizing as well as manipulating the instruments to be used for the dental procedures. If not properly used, these instruments can result in the bleeding and injury to the soft tissues.The dental dam provides control and proper access to the tooth for proper preparation and restoration.In case the cervical lesions are at or below the free margin of the gingiva tissues, methods that employ gingival retraction needs to be used. In case the crown or on-lay margins are at or below the free margin, then the tissues needs to be displaces by use of methods that are not likely to cause damage or bleeding to the tissues To protect the soft tissues, I would aspirate and hold the cheek back with my aspirator or I could give the dentist some cotton rolls Ito et al., 2013). In tissue management, therefore, the soft tissues should be placed away from the preparation margins. In the mechanical displacement method, the tissues are physically moved from the tooth aside so that proper visualization as well as treatment can be done. Basically the retraction cord can also be used for this physical displacement. It is preferred by many dentists because it is woven in different sizes and shapes to accommodate the varying thicknesses and diameters of the dental cavity (Zhao et al., 2014). Some other manufacturers have also come up with non-impregnated cords and chemically impregnated cords.Therefore a dentist needs to wear protective latex free gloves when handling these retraction cords. If there is a contamination with latex materials, this can result in an inhibitory effect while setting the vinyl polysiloxane impressions materials leading to gingival tears of the materials used for impression. Importance of shade taking In order to reduce the problems that can arise from selecting of shades in dentistry, it is crucial that the dentists comprehend the art as well as science of shading and color selection. The fact that the appearance of a given color and its perception has both objective and subjective implications may make this process to be difficult. Moreover, the human eye fails to perceive color in a clear, consistent and concise manner due to variation from one person to another (Alshiddi and Richards, 2015). As a result of these differences, the clear understanding of color requires that one understands the dimensions of color accompanied by its value, translucency and specific focus.The inconsistency in the results arising from dental shading due to control of colors has been a problem from time immemorial and hence the need to lay emphasis on this issue. Therefore there needs to be a clear cooperation between the clinician as well as the laboratory technician in the development of better materials to be used for restoration and development of dental adhesives. In addition, these materials should enable the clinician to increase the rate at which translucency and vitality of the teeth becomes after dental restorations. The ceramic restorations should be done while at the same time maintaining optimal color and shading. This is because in the modern world, an attractive smile is an essential part of life as compared to initial perceptions of it being a luxury. This therefore calls for an attractive visual appearance of the person who has undergone dental restoration to be attractive. Therefore determining the color and shading for a dental restoration depends on the environment, illumination and the eyes of the receiver. Importance of laboratory prescription for prosthesis Prosthesis can be prescribed by technicians for instance if the patient lack all teeth and hence this procedure can restore the functions of the mastication using a device which the patient can easily remove and reinsert any time they want. This is because this device replaces all the teeth by use of an acrylic resin support and ceramic teeth. In fact, the more natural the appearance of the dental system is, the closer it resembles that of the face of the respective patient. On the other hand, a partial prosthesis is normally attached to the remaining teeth by the use of hooks. If the dentist uses metallic support structureas anchorage materials, this is referred to as skeletal prosthesis. The charts and records for orthodontic treatment Orthodontic records are needed for carrying out orthodontic treatment plan although the monitoring of the facial growth as well as its development is also of dental clinic importance. Some of the traditionally used charts and records include the intra oral photographs, extra oral photo graphs, dental casts, clinical measurements and radiographic images (Hmmerle et al., 2015).Recently, there has been technological advancement in the digital world as far as dental models are concerned through the application of digital dental set-ups which mimic the actual outcome of the expected orthodontic treatment. Additionally, the application of the three-dimensional imaging on the face has led to development of alternative methods to conduct the documentation of the patient. In order to come up with the final charts or records to be used for a certain patient, it is imperative that the dentist analyzes each record separately for its specific contributions. Range of orthodontic treatments In removable treatment, the removable materials are used to fix the remaining teeth or fill up the spaces left. They consist of a customized plastic base plate with wires and screws attached. They are basically used for simple tooth movement but can also be used for initial stage s of complex treatments (Meyer-Marcotty et al., 2012). The fixed treatment consists of individual brackets which are stuck on the teeth. As a result of this fixing, the tooth movement occurs due to the thin flexible wires as well as elastic bands. The teeth are then slowly moved into their normal positions through little pressure as the wires get adjusted. Orthodontic appliances These instruments, which include interproximal saws, interproximal stripping systems, band seaters, bur kits as well as cutters and pliers, help, ensure practitioners provide patients with exceptional, precise orthodontic care. Several orthodontic instruments are available and differ in functions as well as options. Some are designed for general use, while others are specialized for certain tasks. For instance, the orthodontic cutters can be customized for specific task although they can be also combined with orthodontic pliers. On their own, the orthodontic pliers are to perform arch wire functions such as loop forming, arch wire contouring and torqueing. Other appliances include the bur kits, cutters, band seaters, cassettes and interproximal saws. Orthodontic appliances are of three types- fixed, removable or retainers. Fixed orthodontic appliances- They consist of band cemented to teeth and thin metal wires positions the teeth in the right position. The metal wire is tied to the bands with steel ligature and the bands are made of either metal, ceramic or plastic (Teh et al. 2014). The different stages in fixed orthodontic treatment are as follows: Fitting- In this stage the dentist requires patients records to assess the teeth where fitting is required and metallic spacers to create space for bands and separate back teeth. During the first stage, the X-rays of teeth are taken based on which orthodontist plans treatment for patients. After this fitting is done either by removal of crowded permanent teeth and fitting of braces. Metal or elastic separators are first used to create space for banding teeth and then bands and brackets are bonded to the teeth. Fitting helps in aligning irregular teeth and improving height differentials. For fitting, the dentist requires equipments like adhesive to cement the bond and brackets or archwires are needed to fix bands (Costa et al., 2015). Monitoring- During the monitoring stage, extraction are done after fitting the braces. Working with fixed braces after fitting helps in resolving overbites and closure of space after extractions. Equipments needed by dentist in this stage include rubber bands and brackets with hooks for adjustment. Adjusting- The final stage is the adjustment stage in which adjustment to the braces are done by equipments like changing wires or adding springs or elastics. Finally retainers are used to hold the teeth in new position during debanding appointment (Papageorgiou et al., 2016). Removable braces- This appliance is used when baby teeth are left or when jaw growth needs to be normalized and treatment of lateral incisor cross bite. The removable appliances are retained by dentist by use of equipments like the Adams clasp, Labial arch and the Acrylic Resin framework. Bow is used in removable appliances to retract and retain teeth (Pahkala 2013). The different stages in bonding of removable orthodontic appliances includes the following- Fitting- Fitted resin is used to precisely fix the brackets on cast of teeth. After fixing the brackets on ideal position, a transfer tray is formed on the cast. Monitoring- They are soaked in warm water and trimmed to get the ideal fit for patients. Adjusting- In the final stage, the teeth are isolated and resin is painted in enamel and brackets. The trays (removable devices) are finally removed and brackets get bonded to the teeth (Levrini et al. 2013). The main equipment required in this process is the resin and removable tray that can be used by the dentist. Retainer- Retainers are made of wires or plastic to realign teeth after surgery or fixing braces. Use of retainers in new position helps the periondontal fibers to adapt to changes in bone and reduce any changes in final tooth position. Retainers may be of two types- fixed retainers made of thin wires bonded in the lower or upper front of the teeth and the removable retainers held in place by hook or clasps (Vig 2013). The stages in fixing retainers are- Fitting- An impression of the new teeth is taken on a mold and retainer is fabricated out of wire. Monitoring- After fixing retainers, it is necessary to regular monitor the patients to check for any cavities and cleaning the teeth. Dentist ensures that the retainer is fixed in place. Adjusting- After the new teeth is accurately fixed and aligned, the removable retainer are removed. In case of fixed retainers, they are used to ensure that braces do not shift back to the previous position. These are worn by the patient as specified by the orthodontist. The key equipments needed by dentist in this process include molds, wire, fixing agents to ensure that brace do shift back from its original position (Pahkala 2013). Role of orthodontic nurses An orthodontic nurse is involved in the setting up of the surgery each day and ensures that everything such as patient notes are ready and any work which is required for that that day has been brought from the laboratory (Durkan et al., 2016). They also prepare the required instruments for a particular dental protocol as well as mixing any substances such as composite, bonds, and alginate and glass isonomer. Dental nurses also tidy up the surgery room by disinfection of surfaces and the sterilizationof the dental instruments that have already been used (Dye, 2013). They also make sure that the patients are comfortable before and during dental treatment. Reference list Alshiddi, I.F. and Richards, L.C., 2015.A comparison of conventional visual and spectrophotometric shade taking by trained and untrained dental students.Australian dental journal, 60(2), pp.176-181. Costa, A.A., Serra-Negra, J.M., Bendo, C.B., Pordeus, I.A. and Paiva, S.M., 2015. Impact of wearing fixed orthodontic appliances on quality of life among adolescents: Case-control study.The Angle Orthodontist,86(1), pp.121-126. Durkan, C., Belsi, A. and Griffiths, R., 2016. The knowledge of dental nurses at one institution of the scope of practice of the dental team members.BDJ Team, 3, p.16010. Dye, S., 2013. Orthodontic solutions and the dental nurse's role.Dental Nursing, 9(9), pp.500-502. Hmmerle, C.H., Cordaro, L., Assche, N., Benic, G.I., Bornstein, M., Gamper, F., Gotfredsen, K., Harris, D., Hrzeler, M., Jacobs, R. and Kapos, T., 2015. Digital technologies to support planning, treatment, and fabrication processes and outcome assessments in implant dentistry. Summary and consensus statements.The 4th EAO consensus conference 2015.Clinical oral implants research, 26(S11), pp.97-101. Ito, M., Wee, A.G., Miyamoto, T. and Kawai, Y., 2013. The combination of a nylon and traditional partial removable dental prosthesis for improved esthetics: a clinical report. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 109(1), pp.5-8. Levrini, L., Abbate, G.M., Migliori, F., Orru, G., Sauro, S. and Caprioglio, A., 2013. Assessment of the periodontal health status in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances. A microbiological and preliminary clinical study.Cumhuriyet Dental Journal,16(4), pp.296-307. Li, Y.J., Chang, C.K., Lin, G.M. and Lu, C.C., 2013. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Inserted Fixed Prosthesis and its Applications in Clinical Dentistry. International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology, 3(2), pp.101-105. Meyer-Marcotty, P.D.P., Boehm, H., Linz, C., Kunz, F., Keil, N., Stellzig-Eisenhauer, A. and Schweitzer, T., 2012. Head orthesis therapy in infants with unilateral positional plagiocephaly: an interdisciplinary approach to broadening the range of orthodontic treatment. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopdie, 73(2), pp.151-165. Pahkala, R., 2013. Orthodontic Retainers and Removable Appliances: Principles of Design and Use (2013).The European Journal of Orthodontics, p.cjt040. Papageorgiou, S.N., Glz, L., Jger, A., Eliades, T. and Bourauel, C., 2016. Lingual vs. labial fixed orthodontic appliances: systematic review and metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis of treatment effects.European journal of oral sciences. Teh, L.H., Kerr, W.J.S. and McColl, J.H., 2014. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in the General Dental Service in Scotland.Journal of Orthodontics. Vig, P., 2013. Orthodontic retainers and removable appliances: principles of design and use.British dental journal,215(10), pp.537-537. Zhao, B., van der Mei, H.C., Subbiahdoss, G., de Vries, J., Rustema-Abbing, M., Kuijer, R., Busscher, H.J. and Ren, Y., 2014. Soft tissue integration versus early biofilm formation on different dental implant materials.Dental materials, 30(7), pp.716-727.