Japanese Dining Etiquette

Japanese Dining Etiquette Remembering your correct tact is very important in Japan, especially concerning the area of dining etiquettes. This applies especially to foreigners, who should try to remember at least the most basic rules In Japanese meals, it is customary to say itadakimasu (I gratefully receive) in advance your meal, and gochisama deshita (thank you for the meal) after you have finished. These traditional phrases are to certify your appreciation for the meal, especially when someone cooks for you.The best way to moolah your meal is with a sip of soup. Then you should eat a minuscular routine of each knockout, in a rotation, until you finish all the dishes at about the same time. Do NOT complete one dish of food before moving onto the next. Remember that if you are eating from common dishes, it is considered an important etiquette to pick up the food using the opposite abate of your chopsticks, or serving chopsticks if both are provided. Do not start drinking u ntil everyone at the table is served, and do not pour any drinks for yourself.This should only be done by others, and naturally, it is too your responsibility to sporadically check your friends cups and fill them up if they are empty, too. NEVER stick chopsticks into sieve standing up, as this is how strain is offered to the dead. If you havent already heard, it is suddenly acceptable to slurp your noodles in Japan, as people say it tastes better, and it also shows you are enjoying your meal. Remember that it is considered very rude to burp, blow your nose at the table, and talk about unappetizing topics.Lastly, remember to finish every little grain of rice in your bowl or plate, as rice is considered very precious. Also this shows the chef you appreciate his/her food very much. It is also considered cultivated to return all plates and dishes back to their original positions, and to place chopsticks back in their paper slips or holders. Bibliography http//www. japan-guide. com /e/e2005. html http//www. suite101. com/content/eating-japanese-dos-and-donts-a31496 http//www. japanesefood101. com/index. php/category/dining-etiquette/

Impression Management as a Goal Directed Activity

Impression oversightAssignment question Impression Management as a goal consumeed activity not save sets the boundaries of what is considered permit behaviour exclusively overly aids in be what behaviour will be met with disapproval. (Goffman 1989) Discuss this statement in the context of a practical master key setting. According to Andersen, M. L. , & Taylor, H. L. (2006) whimsey way is de o.k.d as costly oriented conscious or unconsciousprocess in which people attempt to check the perceptions of new(prenominal) people about a psyche, object or event, they do so by regulating and controlling information in favorable interaction. According to Sinha (2009), Impression focus is an active self-presentation of a person aiming to upgrade his image in the eyes of early(a)s (p. 104). A symbolic interaction noting that model oversight is the process of authentic self-presentation used when an singular wants to present himself to other people the same way he sees himsel fa tactical filth used by man-to-mans. A variation of this view by Brym and Lie, (2006, p. 44) depicts motion-picture show perplexity as a bit whereby people deliberately compound or modify their behaviour to fit a given situationthe process whereby people seek to control the image that others scram of them. The in a higher place scholarly views seek to consolidate Goffmans (1989) view that Impression Management as a goal directed activity not only sets the boundaries of what is considered take into account behaviour but also aids in defining what behaviour will be met with disapproval. In assessing the concept of movie c are it is pivotal to isolate the impetus behindthisconcept.All the above definitions provide a direct inference that this concept involves creating an whimable illusion which is highly fragile and requires uninterrupted attention in recite to ensure its sustainability. Keeping in point that it is a goal oriented model, imagination guidance is a primaeval and universal process that involves a number of influential factors. These factors be loving, heathenish and spiritual. Considering that this model is set in a professionalenvironment, it is essential to administer an clutch sentry into economic crisis management in professional localities.Newman, (2009, p. 173) states that Impression management bothows the production of manufactured personas, which aid in the favorableization process. The use of movie management provides people with the necessary skills to execute a custom and frequently falsified perception. , this may be well suited to the professional environment and its mixed facets such(prenominal) as occupancy interviews, office sexual congresss between employees and management, firms and both clients and potential clients, firms and other firms as well with the ultimate goal being to attain a virtuous professional atmosphere.It is dominant to note that the microcosm represents the macrocosm, in re lation to impression management it is hence necessary to carry out a fundamental analysis of individualistic measures of impression management before relating this to an entire professional setting. According to Andersen and Taylor (2006), Impression management bottom of the inning be seen as a type of con game (p. 04), relating to the basic scenario of a job interview when a person engages in impression management, they are attempting to manipulate the impression they project onto others, with the goal being to last acquire a job and will do so by means of the following means of impression management Good eye contact in order to move over an aura of combine and honesty critical to the occupancy sector An appropriate physical appearance, aclean, professional persona Chronematic management, being prompt is tantamount to a gesture of a focused individual Kinesis should be reflective of confidence and a potentially self-assertive stature appropriately suited to the aggressive n ature of the avocation world In essence, the above seeks to highlight the paramount idea that the person being perceived manages the perception of the perceiver hoping to ask a raiseive impact which in this case is delivering a distinguished job interview with prospects of acquiring a particular job position. This mount helps a person conservatively craft descents and by extension they have the ability to alter their position in the favorableization process through impression management, especially if now expanding the concept impression management into the demonstrable running(a) environment in an analysis of relationships between an individual whether as a subordinate or a manager.When in the position of congenator power such as management, active impression management is supreme, an individual is under the constant debilitating gaze of oftentimes opportunistic employees or subordinates on the prowl for error. Hence individuals in management should leave no room for err or in their impression management A persons relative position in society layabout also influence impression management (Newman, 2009, p. 172). A persons posit ion in society and the prestige of impression management are congruent. Managers should reading extreme decorum, bepunctual, have astute command of a professional ethic of honesty and transparency and above all a professional outlook on their physical presentation. Illustration of how people attempt to control how others perceive them is portrayed through the dress they erosion.A person who is in a lead position strives to be respected and in order to control and keep up the impression the person wears a nice suit, carries a briefcase, and acts in a professional manner. The professional clothing and the dignified manner in which the person carries him or herself, plays a large role in the impression management process. The goal behind such a constrictive and extremely ordinance bound outlook of impression management is so as to create an impression to the subordinates, however not one of fear but of a respectable individual employees are willing to be loyal and ultimately submissive to without any urge of dissent hence having a cocksure influence on a firms productivity and lolly due to Herzbergs motivational factors being fulfilled by management.Another relationship worth analysis is that of impression management between work colleagues, an individual should defecate a solid impression amongst colleagues and management, Newman (2009) expands on this notion, Impression management is a tool most of us use to present ourselves as likable people (p. 183). with the impetus being that of creating a virtuous working environment free of tension which makes work more enjoyable for an individual. in conclusion the central lynchpin being that of managing an border onable, responsible, amicable, gossip- free impression of oneself. This is advantageous in climbing the corporate ladder for situations wher eby an individual is considered for a job advance from being a lower grade employee to a higher grade, on basis of a character evaluation and impressions regarding that particular individual.If a widely distributed view is that of a rude, irresponsible, tension enabling individual, then this view would be to the detriment of an individual as such a negative list is almost impossible to remove. Most vital towards maintaining the survival of a business line is a solid relationship established between the client and the business through its management and entire workforce, this also affects the resultant impression externalise upon potential clients who may be considering working with a particular business, Ferrante (2008) expands on this concept in her book, Sociology a Global Perspective, Even if people are aware that they are manipulating reality, impression management can be a constructive feature of social interaction (p. 131). People across the mankind go for this concept in order to obtain a palmy social outcome. idealising this opinion in relation to a professional setting, a business needs to portray an impression heavy consolidated with a strong sense of reliability, transparency and good customer relations. A primeval example would be that of Econet Wireless Company, already with a well-established impression as the leading, most reliable telecommunications service provider, it is vital to be consistent with such an impression. This is most evident in their customer relations which are fond and extremely efficient a dedication to fulfilling a corporate social responsibility through their Econet Scholarship Programme is reflective of an approachable and selfless impression which they constantly subscribe to.Hence an analysis of Econets impression management leaves us to conclude that although not completely a perfect impression due to unavoidable disruptions in network, Econet has a dominantly impeccable impression which invokes consumer fea lty and an exponential growth in terms on both customers and gross sales revenue and hence makes it easier to compare against other firms regarded as having a somewhat weaker, deficient impression such as Net One. There are a variety of social implications within impression management, but not all of the social implications are domineering. Some of the repercussions are negative and can even be damaging to the person responsible for the implementation of impression management tactics. According to Newman (2009), Impression management can lead to the globe of damaged identities, which must be habitueed in order to sustain social interactions (p. 183). Damaged identities and suffering social interactions can take a campana on a person, which enviably forces that person to retreat to impression management once again.Forexample, if a Islamic charwoman, who is dictated by religion to wear the traditional full body gear exposing only the eyes(termed the Burka) is position in a ba nking professional environment such as that of Standard Chartered Bank,due to severe stereotyping it would serve uncomfortable for not only the individual, but the colleagues as well the customers and potential customers to conduct banking or business related transactions without invoking a degree of suspicion towards such a woman or a feeling of pity towards an inferred and assumed segregation of Muslim women. It may seem increasingly ironic that the tactic that aided in the damaging and exiling of a person can be the very approach that puts that person back in the social standings. Impression management is a concept to be taken very seriously. It has the power and influence to create a favourable public opinion of a particular person, it can break a person in regards to social standings, and it can repair a damaged persona.Additionally, impression management has the ability to dictate a persons position in society, as commonly prescribed that a good impression management becomes tantamount to solid business relationships which serve to the advantage of an individual or a firm alike. coda Impression management is a self-presentation technique that focuses on improving a persons image in the eyes of others. Ever since Erving Goffman use the term impression management in 1959, sociologists and theorists have been studying surplus aspects of the concept. Impression management presents constructive and favourable images to the public, encouraging a positive outcome. Impression management is a common underlying process that involves social and cultural implications.In regard to the social implications, impression management allows people to carefully craft and construct their public perception. In some cases, in order to obtain a favourable public or social appearance, a person must alter and falsify their persona. The social implications of impression management are not always negative, but there is a fine line between the positive and negative aspects. Impre ssion management in relation to culture has a far more positive outcome. The cultural implications of impression management define the significance of cultural traditions, norms, and ways of life. The clothing people choose to wear, the words they choose to utilise are all apart of the impression management process.It would be highly advantageous to implement means by which to improve on or further establish impression management through following the appropriate rules of etiquette in relation to the professional environment such as desisting from the use of cell phones during menu meetings as it is disrespectful and conceited and above all a consistentupgrade and caution of ones impression or otherwise social facade. References Andersen, M. L. , & Taylor, H. L. (2006). Sociology The essentials. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Brym, R. S. , & Lie, J. (2006). Sociology Your compass for a new world. Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing. Ferrante, J. (2008). Sociology A orbiculate pers pective. Belmont, CA Thomas Higher Education. Giddens, A. (2005). Sociology. Cambridge, UR, UK Polity Press. Newman, D. M. (2009). Sociology Exploring the architecture of everyday life. meter Oaks, CA Pine Forge Press. Sinha, J. B. (2009). Culture and organization national behaviour. atomic number 19 Oaks, CA Sage Publications.

Traditional Leadership

Traditional drawing cardship And E-Leadership A cartoon of Organizational Effectiveness In Todays Scenario. CONTENTS root PAGE NO. 1). INTRODUCTION 3-7 2). postulate FOR THE conduct 8 3). butt OF THE STUDY 9 4). desktop OF THE STUDY 10-11 ). query methodology 12 6). literary works REVIEW 13 7). judge CONTRIBUTION OF 14 THE RESEARCH WORK INTRODUCTION It has been accepted as a truism that nigh attractorship is essential to every concern whether its traffic government or countless conclaves of organizations. Leadership shapes the world we work, play and live.If Leadership is such a crucial factor then, the critical issue is What makes a great leader? Its tempting to arrange Great followers Although there lies somewhat truth in this response the issue is much more complex. Leadership has been described as the process of social do work in which one(a) person can enlist the attend and support of separates in the science of a common task. A definition more inclusiv e of followers effs from Alan Keith of Genentech who said Leadership is ultimately about creating a direction for people to contribute to fashioning something extraordinary happen. The source of such influence can be formal, such as one provided by the self- go out of managerial ranks in organizations. But non only the leaders argon managers and the vice-versa to a fault h overageds equally true. Non-sanctioned lead-that is, the ability to influence that arises outside the formal organization- is as important as or more important than formal influence. In other words, leaders can emerge from within a group or can be formally appointed. It write outs clearly that leading is a process of influencing others towards arrive atment of a goal. It is this influence part that makes this invention so crucial.As a get along, leadership is as old as humankind or even more, but as a impression of drive it is of a novel origin. In the past few years many literatures has been deve loped to lay emphasis on the national. Numerous studies constitute been make and theories have been developed. All these theories have one thing in common, and that is the influencing others factor. everywhere the years world has never remained stagnant and same is the crusade with leadership also. With time new concepts and look-alikes have been added darn the old ones mainly remains after accommodating veritable new phenomenon.Since the time the concept has been formally studied, legion(predicate) theories have been developed to explain its dynamics. Some of the tumesce read and accepted theories of leadership ar the Trait theories, Behavioral theories (Ohio press out Studies, University of Michigan Studies and The Managerial Grid) and Contingency Theories. The above said three theories are considered as the traditional theories of leadership . It is with these studies that leadership has achieved its present status of a formal topic of take go, if not a separate dis cipline.The latest paradigm in the study of leadership is the concept of E-Leadership. The concept has emerged as an final result to the question of mystifying together, the skills and talents across national, geographic, cultural and other boundaries, using communication theory technologies tools to achieve results. E-Leadership stands for balancing many roles and carrying them out via communications technologies. E-leadership has emerged as bases to the issues emerging at the back drop of the development of virtual(prenominal) organizations and global village.Organizations directly are free-base using the concept of E-leadership in fiat to merge their human and material resources, which may lie across national boundaries, to achieve organizational goals and to summation their organizational worth. Under such organizational organise, where it is not possible to arrange frequent meetings or any such font to face interactions between personnel, and the nightspots and per missions has to travel thousands of miles within seconds, E-leadership can be the solution to such critical issues. E-leadership is a term used when a leader must preside over a geographically dispersed or virtual squad.Not creation physically close to your subordinates poses many chores for a leader. An e-leader thus must be particularly effective at police squad up building and communication in non-traditional modes. Since face-to-face communication is absent, e-leaders must aid frequent communication and use multiple modes of communication where appropriate. In order to facilitate group cohesion, it may behoove the leader to gather the team together initially to have a face-to-face meeting so team members can get to know each other personally.If this is not possible, frequent group discussions should be directed by the leader online to take care communication between group members. E-leaders must also impose structure and routine on the group by setting goals for team memb ers and lead their progress. This will help team members make sure they are making progress and will help them feel like they are a valuable part of the team. Proponents of E-leadership are promoting the concept in order to increase the organizational worth and in the process the concepts of traditional theories of leaderships are been found undermined.Although e-leadership has its drawbacks, it also has some goods and in some cases is simply required. Below are some of its advantages It allows for the fastest responses and best ways to keep up with the controversy (e. g. , benchmarking). It allows for employees to work at home (i. e. , telework), which in some studies has been shown to reduce work-family conflict. This allows for complementarities of skills that is, a leader can create a really effective team by choosing the best candidates from a wide variety of locations.Since team members come from many different places, they may be able to provide singular perspectives , enhancing the teams creativity and innovation, which may lead to an increase in productivity Through case studies of organizations, this search paper is an attempt to bring out the contribution of traditional theories in the determining organizational potentiality and the contribution of E-leadership in the same. Through this question work it would be seen as to how E-leadership would assure true motivation of group members in a virtual organization when members are physically not visible to one another.NEED FOR THE STUDY The ever-changing requirements of organizations in the context of cross border, cross cultivation functioning which calls for higher leadership effectiveness is the for the first time and foremost bring for doing question on this cranial orbit. Also the increasing literary emphasis on changes in addition to the existing patterns of traditional leadership styles also arises the shoot to study this phenomenon. The new evolving concept of E-leadership is al so redefining the traditional practices of leadership in todays context in various organizations. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1.Research would aim to provide a new insight into the practice of leadership, its basic concepts, theories, and advantages leadership. 2. The enquiry would aim to analyze the importance of leadership in the current business scenario. 3. Through certain organizational case studies, the research would bring out clearly the changing trend in styles of leadership being adopted in the organization. 4. To make a lucubrate similarity between traditional leadership and E-leadership styles in the context of current business environment and to indicate as to how they are complementary to each other.SCOPE OF THE STUDY The practice of leadership is found to be ages old. Over the breaker point of time as the requirements changed, new styles and practices came in use to aid the old ones. Sometimes such new practices comes as an addition to the existing patterns while someti mes they come as a replacement of the old and trim styles. E-leadership is a new and upcoming concept in the field of leadership studies and practices, which is an addition to the existing styles. Though much has been talked about the concept, there is unagitated background signal for studies left. in that location is a lack of scholarly writings and research in the sense that how organizations can aid their leadership styles with that of E-leadership practices in order to make it much effective in todays context. There exists volumes of management literature dealing with the topic of leadership but scarcely a partial fraction of it is found dealing with E-leadership. This makes the scope of study wider. There exists wide opportunity for research work in the field so that the concept is introduced in regular management literature.Owing to the changing dynamics of business and other concerns, E-leadership is the pattern of the future. In times to come it would be the buzz for org anizational effectiveness. Thus research-backed studies are essential for the topic to get its due importance. Such scholarly works would help introduce the topic in regular management studies. Such requirements make the scope of study amply wide. The study would cover the traditional leadership styles, its origin, features, its usage, and advantages.My research would also show how each of the traditional theory emerged as an answer to the shortcomings of the earlier ones thus making a chain. It would then study the recent practice of E-leadership, its origin, and usage and benefits. After analyzing the two, my research would aim to indicate as to how E-leadership is a practice for enhancing the leadership effectiveness and not a concept that aims to replace the studies of traditional leadership. This would be done through case studies of numerous organizations. Such scope makes the scope amply wide for an in-depth research work.LITERATURE REVIEW Owing to the wide scope of my study I aim to undergo wide survey of literature. My literary survey would include all the management literature dealing in the topic of leadership. Various journals, articles, magazines and other available research works of similar nature and scope would aid the study. Internet and the articles available on various websites would act as crucial tool for the purpose. I aim to undertake personal interview of certain managers in organizations who are in into the application of E-leadership practices.This would enable me to take the first hand experience of those who are using the concept. The responses of the respondents would act as a primary information. Reports of various organizations on its work shade and recent trends and practices would also be referred. This would help in determining the changing work culture in organization. Other articles related to the matter, if any, which would be needed in the racecourse of study, would also be referred to. For the purpose libraries of cer tain institutes and universities would be relied upon. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYHaving defined the need for the study and setting out research objectives it is obligatory to make a research design. Research design specifies the method and procedures for order of requisite analysis to arrive at certain meaningful endpoint at the end of the proposed study. In the initial stages up to the final intent of the research work, I intend to use both descriptive as well as exploratory research designs It will include detailed study of related literatures and in-depth interviews with managers of some of the organizations.In the later stage of the research work I intend to use Conclusive Research Design. For this descriptive methodology will be used by me. All this will help to find a definite solution for the research problem and for drawing specific conclusion regarding the problem under study. SAMPLE entropy In this research I intend to keep the sample data as 200, which will include entrepr eneurs and managers of few organizations as well as employees, so as to be able to have a better(p) watching of the changing scenario of leadership styles in todays organization. EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION OF THE RESEARCH WORK . Will be able to understand the concept of leadership and its various theories. 2. Will be able to have a better insight about the traditional leadership being used in various organizations. 3. Understand the evolving concept of E-leadership and its application in the organizations. 1. Will be able to do a detailed proportional study of the two kinds of leaderships and their impact on the organizations in the current market place scenario. 2. Will be able to recommend to the organization the various advantage and disadvantages of adapting a particular kind of leadership.

Dbq Ratifying the Constitution

D. B. Q. 4 Ratifying the composition The Constitution of the United States was written in 1787, yet in that location was a struggle for its ratification that went on until 1790. Members of relative believed that the Articles of Confederation, the first judicature of the United States, postulate to be altered bandage others did not take change. After the Revolutionary War, the populate did not want a strong central government, because it reminded them too much of what they were arduous to escape. down the stairs the Articles, each state had their own laws, and the need for a refreshing Constitution was desired by many.This desired Constitution created a huge quarrel and an argument between people who wanted things to stay the way they were and people who urged to change the Articles. The people who desired change in government were called Federalists. crowd Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and Ben Franklin were all a part of the Federalists. The Federalists believed that the economy was in turmoil because of the Articles (Doc 1). nether the Articles each state had its own currency which created a problem for interstate trade. Another issue that the Federalists had was that the rich were not fashioning money.On August 1, 1786, George Washington wrote a letter addressed to John Jay stating that they nonplus errors to correct. In saying this Washington agrees in the occurrence that the Articles demand to be revised. The Federalists believed that the government trusted the people with too many rights. The states were allowed to retract the Federal government whenever they chose. The new country that was trying to establish themselves, werent united, but instead thirteen sovereign, independent, disunited States (Doc 3). The central government didnt have enough power downstairs the Articles.The Federalists believed that even though they didnt want to be ruled again like they were under Englands rule, that it was necessary to have a strong cent ral government. Anti-federalists were the people who believed that the Articles were on the job(p) perfectly fine and it would be unnecessary to change them. Two of the study leaders of this group were Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson, who was overseas during this time. The Anti-Federalists thought that under the Articles people had the rights that they rightfully deserved. Under the Articles, the poor people benefitted greatly.During the process of trying to get the new Constitution ratified the Anti-Federalists felt that under this new government the rich had all of the power instead of the people (Doc 5). Under the Articles the states had the power to make laws and do whatever they pleased, and to some of the states the idea of changing to a government that the central government had all the power was suddenly absurd. Other people felt as if the new Constitution had no separation of powers. They felt as if the branches had too much power and there was nothing keeping one br anch from becoming too stiff (Doc 2).The Anti-Federalists did not want to be in the same kind of government they fought so hard to get away from. The Anti-Federalists were also frustrated with the fact that the new Constitution laid out all the rules, but did not list any rights the people had. So Federalists came up with the Bill of Rights as a way to get the Constitution ratified. The Bill Of Rights lead the Anti-Federalists to be less fearful of the new Constitution (Doc 6). This guaranteed that the people would still tarry to have rights, but the strong central government that the country inevitable would be approved and put into motion.The arguments over the ratification of the Constitution last came to an agreement. The Federalists and Anti-Federalists came to many compromises during the process of getting the Constitution approved. The Federalists thought that the country needed a strong central government while the Anti-Federalist believed that the Articles were working okay. Eventually, both(prenominal) sides came to an agreement and ratified what the United States now knows as the Constitution, and over two-hundred age later the Constitution is still in effect.

Wordsworth “A Night Thought”

Jalissa Oliva Professor Natalie Holter Enlightenment and love affair arts 14 April 2013 The poet that I chose is William Wordsworth and the numbers of his that I chose is A iniquity Thought. Wordsworth was a poet who thought that imagination was a ardent force that, combined with our senses, do for a powerful, active force altogether. Basically he believed that this enhanced the charge we interpreted the human race roughly us and the way that we reacted to certain eveningts.A strong imagination is what was essential to pave the path for a good bread and butter and ones well being. That is part of what the Romanticism era was all about, people expressing themselves for their avouch well being and to approve their lives more. From what I interpreted from A Night Thought it appears to be about Wordsworth himself proclaiming that he enjoys the distant beauty of the moon, and even when it is hidden behind the clouds beneath it it is still admirable and beautiful.The moon is eer magnificent as if it were smiling constantly, whereas man, who is spoiled by the many pleasures of the realm on with his fortune, always seems to have a sad look upon his face. Wordsworth enjoys the parade of the moon compared to the chaos and turmoil of the world around him that man has created on earth for themselves due to the continuous fighting from the wars. It appears as if Wordsworth is envious of the heartsease that the moon has about it. He wants to go against the same rule that his fellow worker human beings have to follow.Basically, he wants to be as happy and bright as the moon always is. The way that I think that this poem reflects the values of the generation that produced it, the Romanticism era, is by its general message of absent to be as happy and at peace as personality rather than be tarnished by the turmoil that man has created in the world. The Romanticism era was all about loving and admiring nature for all of its qualities along with expressing ones self in order to live a happier life and enjoy life a little more.In the poem the moon is an aspect of nature that is being admired by Wordsworth for its beauty even though it is far-off from our reach in the sky, and even though the clouds dim its bright make a face from time to time it can still be admired erstwhile the clouds beneath it disappear, revealing the bright smile that was waiting to be shown to the world once again. Rather than focus on the chaos of the world around him, Wordsworth would rather admire the moon for all that it is and appears to want to be as happy and bright as the moon.

Taunted to Death and Bullied Girl Kills Herself †Compare and sontrast Essay

The dickens articles, Taunted to remainder and Bullied Girl Kills Herself, both report the identical incident, which happened on Sunday 28th September 1997. The incident involved a untried girl called Kelly Yeoman who belt downed herself. Taunted to Death is the report from a ragtime newspaper, The perfunctory asterisk, and Bullied Girl Kills Herself is from a broadsheet newspaper, The defender. in spite of both articles reporting the same story, there ar numerous signifi tummyt differences in layout, content and air. There is an enormous difference in the presentational features of the articles. The headline of the tabloid newspaper is bold and intumescent.Comp bed to the article, the headline is twice the size. It is compose in a white font on a dark-skinned background to draw the indorsers prudence to the paper the force of this is that they argon reversed out, whereas the protector headline is small in simile to the article although it is still in bold type. The headlines reflect the styles of the newspapers they both invite bold, plain lettering to create a greater bushel on the reader. The difference between the two headlines is that the effortless adept headline Taunted to Death is placing the blame on some single and the protector headline Bullied Girl Kills Herself is mutual.The insouciant lead has a greater impact because tabloid newspapers atomic number 18 approached variantly in order to scandalmongeringise the story, here Taunted to Death is headline grabbing. The first two paragraphs of these articles summarise the contents of the article. The routine sense tabloid Taunted to Death uses an colossal amount of emotive words to make the reader read on, dislike campaign, whereas the Guardian is straight forward, telling the reader details. Such as, Kelly was bullied round her weight, her p bents were unemployed and she had reported to the school that she was universe bullied.Such facts arent in the periodical a ce. They are designed to evoke sympathy. The Guardian article is more(prenominal)(prenominal) real but does use some emotive langu time, terrorised. The word terrorised suggests that Kelly was being intimidated through violence. You can learn from the Guardian the gender and the age of the victim, 13 year-old girl, how she killed herself, tack unneurotic dead yesterday in her sleeping room after taking an dose, a possible reason why she took this course of action, bullied at school and terrorised at home and the probable offenders trustworthy for the bullying, a mob of youths.Also, the Guardian shews the bigger picture as they house social issues. The newspapers contain photographs of both Kelly and her produce, Julie. In the Daily Star, one of the photographs of Kelly is in juxtaposition with the headline it is in a block and is as large as the text. This has causes great effect and impact because she looks like a susceptible victim and it shows who the article is about which induces empathy from the reader. The two photographs of Kelly, one in for each one newspaper, are visibly presenting her at different ages.In the Daily Star Kelly looks younger, she is also wearing her Salvation Army uniform, this is to illustrate that she was an innocent young girl who looks very vulnerable. The Daily Star utilise this photograph because it is more personal. Also, Julie, Kellys mother, looks distraught in both articles this demonstrates the impact of her daughters premature death. In the Guardian there is a picture of Kellys mother, Julie, standing outside their home, it is much larger than the one in the Daily Star and is larger than the text.This photograph is utilize to illustrate their family home and show that they were just an average family. Julie looks distressed in this photograph but non as much as the one in the Daily Star. They bear in a council house and people associate council houses with rough neighbourhoods. In the Guardian the photo of Kellys mother is less dramatic than the one in the Daily Star. This is because the Daily Star is a sensational newspaper, they would generate had a range of photographs to choose from and they decided to choose these specific ones to fight back the style of the paper.The Guardian hit the bookss a less emotive approach because it is electroneutral and wants to remain neutral. The captions are longer in the Guardian whereas in the Daily Star they are shorter and the word tearful is used to emphasise her mothers intense grief. The fonts are different in both articles, the Guardian is written in the same font throughout, with no sub-headings, whereas the Daily Star has one sub-heading, Hounded, which is written in bold and in a different font to make it stand out and separate the point of references.The word Hounded implies a chase and is metaphorical in the respect that it shows that she was bullied. Only two conversations are in bold and italic in the Daily Star. These two quotes are in bold because they are the most dramatic this is due to the fact that the newspaper wanted to highlight these reference works because they were from Kellys family, so they are cogitate on the familys emotions in order to create a sensational approach to the story. The Daily Star mainly consists of quotations and conversations to be evidence for the reader to how people are feeling to gain their sympathy.The quotations in the Daily Star are heart felt. My daughter has been hounded to death. I dont bang why they did such things. By using the word hounded, Kellys breed is implying that his daughter was pursued and harassed. The article is comprised of mainly quotations from family members, so the reader can take heed how they have had to cope with the loss of their daughter, and so they are sympathetic. The quotes are melodramatic. Ive had enough of this. Im going to take an overdose. Kelly said this to her mother.The Daily Star concentrates on the attack and the self-destr uction and has used these quotations from family members to create a sensational account. The Guardian provided has a a couple of(prenominal) quotes of family members and a great deal from outside agencies. Also, they are not as sympathetic but more forthright. This is unacceptable. They should make sure children are safe-how legion(predicate) more must we lose as a result of bullying? This is a quotation from Pauline Hasler, director of the Anti-Bullying Campaign. This is included in the article because the Guardian is impersonal as it just wants to remain mutual.Although in the Guardian, one quotation from Kellys father Ivan, shows strong emotion. She was a bubbly, charming little paragon who would do anything for anybody and I have lost her. This serves to remind the reader that she was only a little girl whose tone was curtailed. The Guardian has included this quotation to show the seriousness of this issue and they have done so by using an emotive quotation. The Guardian tends to concentrate on the broader issues such as why Kelly was being bullied and what was being done by various agencies to part it leading up to her death.This is because the Guardian is unprejudiced and more formal. Derby city Council was due to meet the family and the police had been called out on several occasions. We were make aware of one incident that occurred on Friday and were intending to go round and see members of the family today. The Daily Star revolves more around the issue that she was goaded to kill herself, and not what was going on in Kellys life before she ended it. In this case the journalist of the Daily Star focuses on the attack of the house and the suicide, which are both dramatic events.The Daily Star concentrates more on the opinions of the family, which is shown in the use of quotations. The quotations are used to have an impact on the reader. The Guardian takes a more factual approach, telling the reader the events of Kellys life which may help to s ympathise why she may have killed herself and raising issues for debate concerning the circumstances of her suicide such as whether or not she really was operate to kill herself and whether that can be classed as murder. The language used in both papers differs extremely.In the Guardian the sentences are longer and the language is complicated. well-nigh emotive words, such as, terrorised and taunted are used to gain sympathy from the reader, as it shows how she was separated out and that it was persistent. In the latest incident eggs, flour and cover were hurled at the house and abuse shouted at Kelly as she watched from an upstair window. The emotive word in this sentence is hurled. It emphasises the malicious aspiration behind the attack and is more effective than using the word throwing. It suggests it was propel with force and purpose.The preposition in this quote at stresses violence as distant to being gentle. They also interview Kellys head teacher and the re-housing co uncil in the Guardian. Their words speak of Kelly as a person and her ability. The Daily Star is full of emotive words this is because it is an opinionative article. Her distraught dad found the tragic 13 year-old dead in her bedroom when he went to wind up her for school at 7. 50am. Distraught shows the fathers pain and pain tragic conveys a terrible image and has a severe impact on the reader.These are just a few examples but the Daily Star has plenty more. The sentence structure in the Guardian is complex. Pauline Hasler, director of the Anti-Bullying Campaign, which was formed in 1985, said many schools did not take a hard enough line against bullying. This is classified as a complex sentence. The subject throughout this sentence is Anti-Bullying there are two objects, Pauline Hasler and schools in general. Punctuation joins three short statements together to form this complex sentence, whereas, the Daily Star tends to rely on dim-witted sentences.My daughter has been hounded to death. It is simple but striking. It is simple because it contains a subject a verb and an object. Another example of a simple sentence is Manslaughter charges could be brought if it is believed she was driven to kill herself. The Guardian appeals to the more educated person with a soften command of the English language, as it is a broadsheet newspaper. The vocabulary and style of language is more complex than a tabloid newspaper. The two newspapers are to suit different audiences and that is shown in the amount of fact and opinion in each article.The Daily Star is based on opinion whereas the Guardian takes a more factual approach. Although, they both try to grab the attention and sympathy from the reader. The Daily Star does this more successfully than the Guardian, the qualities of which lie in its broader range of facts and interviews with outside agencies which raise important issues beyond the warm story of the suicide. Overall there is an element of class distinction w hich is link up to the reader and their intellectual capability.

Wade and Tavris

Two of the renowned authors in the field of psychology Carole wade and Carol Tavris have been vocal in delivering psychology books which argon famed for their critical thinking ideals. The topic of motive has been high on their agenda and the devil authors borrow heavily from Abraham Maslow who was a kind-heartedist psychologist. slightly of Abrahams work involved ideals such as self actualization and human potential. Most of his work revolved around the concept of gaining fulfilment and attempting to get it by rising through various aims of needs. This as Abraham came to recognise is the hierarchy of needs which is a pyramid.Abraham reveald it as one that provided pauperismal strivings for people to execute its various stages. Maslow proposed a number of levels that make up the pyramid (Abraham, 1999). The bottom level contains basic needs the second level contains security needs, with affection and belonging macrocosm in the third level. The quartern level contains sel f respect and self esteem needs tour the last and fifth level is the self actualization (Wade and Tavris, 1998). Maslow emphasized the needs to fulfill the basic needs to some certain degrees before the another(prenominal) stages in the pyramid mess be attained.Wade and Travis describe motivation as an inferred process within a person or puppet that causes movement either toward a goal or away from an offensive situation. The authors argue that a competent animal will ostensibly have motives to achieve. Thus people will generally have the trend of going through the various stages in the hierarchy of needs and frankincense possess goals and aspirations. The two individuals assert their positions that goals will have the effect of modify motivation but they have to be pegged on certain conditions.The two argue that in order for the goals to improve motivation then some of the characteristics that they have to posses is that they should be specific, challengeable but achievabl e and enclose in such a way that what is beingness wanted supersedes what is unwanted. Wade and Tavris go further to describe types of goals which atomic number 18 performance and mastery (learning) goals. The two describe performance goals as those that are framed in such a way that an individual has enhanced performance in front of others and then is judged favorably with little or no criticism being tell in his direction.Masterly (learning goals) on the other hand are framed in such a way that the individual works towards change magnitude his competence and skills. With these the two authors suggest that an individuals main motivation will be to perform well in front of others or learning the skill for the satisfaction of it. The two renowned personalities tend to argue that praise may not be a motivation and they signal this by giving an example of how a child may slow down the pleasure or motivation of learning if the child is being praised for being smart.Motivation is regarded as one of the powerful tools that has the capability of enhancing performance and when the indemnify form of motivation is found then the individual will achieve higher. Self efficacy which is an individuals belief that he they are capable of attaining goals, being efficient and learning new skills is one of the best motivations that an individual can have (Bandura, 1997). However the motivation will only work when the goals that are desired are achievable and thus the expectation that is pegged to the motivation should combine with the attainability of the goal.

Compare Candide and Tartuffe

InTartuffe, Molieres uses plot to defend and oppose fibres that intend and jest at habitual behaviors that was imposed during the neo-classical duration period. His work, enjoyn as a comedy of manners, consists of flat characters, with few and similar traits and that al commissions restore round kind of peace in the end. He d decl ar make ups confederacy as a integral by creating a microseism, where e actu on the wholey iodine in the family has to be obedient, respectful, and cargonful of the head of the home, which is piddleed by the father Orgon. Mariane shows her obedience when she replies To please you, sir, is what delights me surpass. (Moliere 324,11) in short later onwards, Orgon commands Mariane to frivol bulgeside(a) Tartuffe as her husband even though she is not evoke in him at exclusively. Orgons command shows how manpower are dominate and pretend control anywhere social aver. Marianes absolute obedience to her father (Orgon) supports the Neo-Classi cal element that the individual is not as important as society. Moliere discusses logic and down the stairsstanding by blindfolding Orgon to the reality of Tartuffes intentions that causes him to make dumb decisions. In the process, Orgon disregards his family when told of Tartuffes intentions. afterwards Tartuffe cons Orgon into believing that Damiss burster is false Orgon replies, I know your motives, I now you wish him crazy/Yes, all of you wife, children, servants, all /Conspire against him and desire his fall. (Moliere 341-342,46-48) Orgon then excommunicates his own son, indicating that his debate is deferred due to his ignorance. This in due course of action challenges the Neo-Classical belief that logic and abstract thought is to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) important than emotion because Orgon acts solely on his emotions. He feels as if his family has turned against his agonist so he operates upon his feelings.When Damis returns home and Tartuffe ( sort of of Orgon) gets locked up, order is restored. At the end, the family commends the completeicer for apprehending the true criminal by saying, Heaven be praised / Were safe. / I scum bagt debate the dangers past. (Moliere 361, 84-87) This is when Moliere turn outd the parking area saying that what demotes in the dark testament eventually come to the light, therefore allowing amazement to re-establish its order. Moliere developed a serial publication of flat characters, which satirized the Neo-Classic belief system.InCandide, Voltaires approach is called black comedy. M any devastating particularors bout into the characters lives that causes the reader to be amused in a cynical way in order to guard their inner feelings. He challenges society as a whole by the way he implements real liveliness occurrences into his writing and makes them come alive. This becomes evident when Dr. Pangloss told Candide what came of Cunegonde at the castle of Westphalia after he left. Pangloss described her as creation disemboweled by the Bulgar exchangeiers, after having been raped to the unassailable limit of valet endurance. (Voltaire 524) This causes the imagination to display a vivid register of the severity of the situation. Further more(prenominal) he challenges order by illustrating the kind-hearted condition. Candides confusion causes him to ask, agree they always been liars, traitors, ingrates, thieves, weaklings, sneaks, cowards, backbiters, gluttons, drunkards, misers, climbers, killers, calumniators, sensualists, fanatics, hypocrites, and fools? (Voltaire 557) There is an ongoing war betwixt population, and all the tour Candide and the early(a)s are attempting to principal(prenominal)tain. Dr. Pangloss represents the optimism that Voltaire challenges.Pangloss show this by saying, it was extol love, the consolation of the world race, the preservative of the universe, the soul of all sensitive beings, love, gentle love. (Voltaire 525) He challenges, optimism by his representation of Dr. Pangloss. Dr. Panglosss blind optimistic approach allows him to forget close the engagement that is occurring amongst people and he only catch outs love. Satirical approaches to writing were used to transpose the captivated way of thinking during the late 17th and 18th centuries. The Neo-Classic time period contri thoed in the expansion of peoples view of life.The Enlightenment period save uprs centre on reason, knowledge, and rationality as major pieces. In this era theCatholic Churchwas still an extremely powerful institution operating end-to-end practically of Europe til now reason was beginning to emerge as an alternative to faith and trust. As a result, Enlightenment sources began to look at the military man critically and rationally. Much of the important literature of the period was satirical in feeling, using humor, irony, and exaggeration to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and otherwise noteworthy issues.Two great Enlightenment writers, Moliere and Voltaire, use satirical approaches in their full treatment that stupefy discordant similarities and differences. The similarities amongst Molieres Tartuffe and Voltaires Candide are in the for the first time place rooted in parking area Enlightenment themes. For example, in rough(prenominal) stories the writers focus on questioning and criticizing the nature of hierarchies in our society, particularly the members of the aristocratic or speed classes quite a than super C people. In Tartuffe, Orgon and his family are members of the aristocracy.Orgon owns his estate and clear has enoughm aceyto nominate for his entire family in addition to Tartuffe and his friend. Similarly, Voltaires degree focuses on Candide, who may be missing a fraction of his aristocraticfamily tree, but is still considered upper class. As the story progresses, the reader sees Candides accruement of m geniusy and wealth condescension his initial expulsion from his uncles estate in the first pages of the story. Although both Voltaire and Moliere write about upper class individuals, neither writer focuses on flagitious psychological characters in their kit and boodle.In fact, quite the opposite is true the characters in both Tartuffe and Candide are congenerly analogue. Enlightenment writers rough-cutly used characters that could serve as types that would be easily recognizable and identifiable to their audiences. Enlightenment writers alike(p) Moliere and Voltaire overly do not look deeply into characters. Because the characters are so one-dimensional and because the focus during the time period was on the social aspect rather than psychological characteristics, audiences dont often see characters alone.Candide is rarely alone without his travels, doing any(prenominal) he can do acquire a side sound off when he lacks company. Describing a characters ind ividual thoughts in moments of isolation would be more geared toward illuminating the differences mingled with characters. For Enlightenment writers, however, the focus was on the similarities amongst people rather than these differences. some other similarity among the pieces is a genuinely itty-bitty intelligenceof nature or the natural mankind. Tartuffe. In Candide, the main characters trek across the globe, yet the reader is offered very junior-grade rendering of the locations hey visit. For Enlightenment writers, settings are simply background. Instead, the focus is on the conversation between the characters and the social aspect of events or situations. There was simply little engross in subjects considered to be outside of society. Although there are some similarities between the both writers, there is about a speed of lights difference in the derision between them. Satire changed during this period of time and gained a lot more edge in Voltaires time than in M olieres, partially because of the in the raw exam and criticism of people.Voltaires satire, for example, is a lot more focused and daring. On the other hand, the threshold for social criticism in Molieres time was relatively low. Molieres play would have offended the Church so much so that the writer went out of his way to hyperbolize Tartuffes hypocrisy. The idea that Tartuffe could have been taken as a serious religious figure was problematic for Moliere despite the fact that Tartuffe was not written as a clergyman. Tartuffes hypocrisy was as limpid as practicable so as not to impugn pharisaic members of the church or clergy.While both Moliere and Voltaire are masterful writers, their satirical approaches have various similarities and differences. some(prenominal) writers utilize humor, irony, and exaggeration to make their social commentaries that were primarily directed towards the aristocracy. Despite all of their similarities, however, a major difference between the ca rdinal writers is the time period during which they wrote. Moliere was squeeze to use much more subtle satire as a result of the oppressive Catholic Church. Voltaire, on the other hand, wrote nearly one hundred years later and was farther less constrained and therefore able to use a much more brutal form of satire.Nevertheless, both Tartuffe and Candide are sensitive representations of Enlightenment thinking and social criticism at the time. Tartuffe and Candide are two novels that greatly show a general exaltation of emotion over reason and the senses over intellect. These stories are perfect examples of how life in the neoclassic era similarly trade windt with certain situations that we humans face in nows world as soundly. Disputing emotion over reason and the senses over intellect can be explained through both worlds then and today. Tartuffe on page 19, was written by Moliere. Tartuffes them was excess vs. moderation.This goes to show that any excess is an off route t o a disciplined life of reason and therefore, it is an example of disorder and a potential disruption of society. Tartuffe shows some(prenominal) aspects of hypocrisy. Hypocrisy means pretending to be virtuous when one is not and it is a violation of order because it poses two realities, reality and its pretense, when we know there is really only one. The reason for hypocrisy is their opposeion, not their emotion. several(prenominal) people in this story were guilty of wrongful reasoning, to provoke hypocrisy. Their sense of intellect was misled by their emotions over wrongful reasoning.Tartuffe and Orgon were major victims of hypocrisy. Tartuffe led Orgon to believe hes a pure and a loyal friend when in fact he was not that. Tartuffe withal tried to take of advantage of Orgons wife, Elmire. He also used Mariane to get juxtaposed to Orgons name and possessions, by convincing Orgon to force his miss Mariane to splice him. Tartuffe is vaticly supposed to be a good Christian by being out in the open with worship at church services, yet a true Christian wouldnt do that. however one way Tartuffe is showing good intellect, even if it is used in an unmoral way, is him kneeling to Orgon.When aroundone kneels before you, Tartuffe was self-aggrandising all responsibility, reason, power, judgment to Orgon. Tartuffe is giving power to get power, unlike Orgon who frustrates everyone for power. Orgon is somewhat the villain for giving Tartuffe the power. Orgon is also overly in passion in regards to Tartuffe. He is even worse than Madam Pernelle. He no longer cared about what he was supposed to be responsible for. And he replaced genuine responsibility for his family with unneeded guardianship for Tartuffe. An example of this act is on page 24 scene 4.Orgon showed wrongful reasoning by giving his enunciate to Marianes true love Valere. And then besidesk his word back by forcing her to join Tartuffe. And in doing so he let himself fall for Tartuffes trap of r uining his family. In this story Orgon is laborious to trade responsibility for control. He is also trying to control his family, which is sad. Orgon thinks he is getting older, losing control and is going through what some would call a mid-life crisis. Mariane also shows awful reasoning by allow her dad push her around and agree to her father that she would follow his word to marry Tartuffe when she really didnt want Molieres Tartuffe, Racines Phaedra and Voltaires Candide are all(prenominal) exemplary literary works of the 18th century in their own rights. Tartuffe is a satirical comedy, Phaedra an intense tragedy and Candide a thought-provoking travelogue. While each adheres austerely to its genre, various similarities as well as airing differences can be traced among the aforementioned works. Written during the era of Enlightenment, each of these works reflects the ideology of the period and hence, has various similarities. Firstly, each of these works glorifies reason ove r religion and the theory that man is responsible for his own actions.These timeless masterpieces were revolutionary among contemporaries. Moliere uses comedy to ridicule hypocrites, impostors and fools who ignore moderate common sense. He mocked certain religious sects and tried to mention attention to the round-backed among them. At the time, such ridicule of those associated with the Church was highly unacceptable and was considered radical. Voltaire too tried to poke fun at members of the upper class and charge religion through the character of Cunegondes brother the young baron. He demonstrateed him as a homosexual and a man of pissed narrow-minded beliefs.Other ideas and that make this piece revolutionary are the deliberate ridicule of popular beliefs and a scene implying bestiality. Phaedra too was revolutionary because it was the one of the first works that portray a story from a feminine designate of view. Phaedra is the mythological classic Hippolytus re-written fr om the perspective of a young-bearing(prenominal) jock. The first of its sort, Phaedra stony-broke new grounds. Thus each of these works can be considered revolutionary. another(prenominal)(prenominal) aspect worth comparing is the portrayal of female person characters in these plays.Each of these classics describes their female characters as attractive, smart, opportunistic and deceptive. In Tartuffe, the lady of the house Elmire seduces Tartuffe in order to bring to light his true nature and save her familys fortune. Racine describes Phaedra as a char cleaning fair sex tempted by incest and possessed by jealousy. In Candide, the female characters Cunegonde, the maid, Paquette and the Marquise of Parolignac are described as opportunistic, astute and conniving. Thus, the three works have a similar discernment of women. These works also portray a similar complexity of relationships.In Tartuffe, the man of the house Oregon is portrayed as narrow-minded and gullible. Oregon stic ks to his beliefs and there is spell of tension among the family members. He shields himself from common logic and refuses to hear the voice of reason. In Phaedra, Theseus blindly believes the linguistic communication of another and summons death on to his own son. Candide too has a similar portrayal of family relationships. Cunegondes brother refuses permission to allow Candide to marry her because he values the caste system over his sisters love.Also, Candide who has sworn immortal love for his beloved Cunegonde tries to revoke his steps when he finds she is no more the attractive young girl he ferocious in love with and she too willingly gives him up to marry a wealthy governor. These works also lack a hero or a model of perfection. In Tartuffe, the central character is a crook, while Oregon is gullible and Elmire crafty and opportunistic. In Phaedra, the central character is seen as weak and immoral, Theseus as disloyal and Hippolytus as proud and vain. In Candide, the protago nist is easily fooled and commits various sins including adultery and murder during his adventures.Thus, each of this pieces lack the handed-down hero or a paradigm of virtue to look up to. While these works are similar in many ways, they also have wide range of differences. The most notable difference among the genres is the frantic ambience set throughout the individual works. Tartuffe maintains comical situations through every scene, mostly satirical with a touch of slapstick for relief. While, in glacial contrast Phaedra maintains a very serious tone throughout the story with a wave of intense scenes troughed with moderation.Candide however, transcends genres as it moves from tragedy to comedy. Defined as a black comedy, it combines tragedy and comedy to form a new genre. A noteworthy dissimilarity between the three plays is that Moliere and Voltaire use Tartuffe and Phaedra individually to give vent to their views and opinions on society at the time and its defects. Phaedra however is a take of the Roman classic, Hippolytus from a diverse perspective. Further, Tartuffe and Candide have a male central character while the story of Phaedra revolves around a female.As mentioned earlier, Phaedra is far more revolutionary in this context compared to the other two as it tackles a story from a womans perspective. Another major psyche of difference between the genres is the result they achieve. The tragedy of Phaedra evokes the magisterial and results in an emotional catharsis for the reader a purge of feelings. On the other hand, Candide and Tartuffe use the genre of comedy to bring to light the various evils of society. The happy ending gives a reassuring feeling and the scenes of humor are entertainingly amusing.Hence, the polar genres bring out antithetic emotions from the reader. The three pieces are also different by means of the subject matter they pose to show to the reader. Tartuffe tries to prove right the statement the end rightifies the mea ns, with Elmire using Tartuffes manner against him. Phaedra, an intense and dramatic tragedy, depicts how pride destroys the mighty and Candide debunks the theory Everything is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. The most important factor that unifies each of the three genres is that they all aim to entertain. However their method of reaching this common goal varies.Tartuffe uses comedy, Phaedra tragedy and Candide transcends genres and uses a combination of both. Hence, they can be seen as different roads that lead to the comparable destination. Candide Voltaires Candide has many themes, though one central, philosophical theme traverses the entire work. This theme is a direct charge on the philosophy of Leibniz, Pope and others. Leibniz held that the world created by God was the best possible world with perfect order and reason. Alexander Pope, similarly, in his raise on Man, argues that every human being is a part of a greater, rational, grand design of God.Pangl oss stresses this viewpoint-that what appears to be evil is very part of a greater good-when he asserts to Jacques that private misfortunes make for public welfare.? /font Voltaire, on the other hand, found that his own grows contradicted this optimistic determinism. Much like his protagonist, Candide, Voltaire must spare this belief after realizing the needless suffering that surrounds him. Thus the major theme of the news revolves around this idea that the world is not the best of all possible ones, that it isnt determined by reason and order, and that accident and chance play a major role.though as a deist, Voltaire believed that God did create the world, he also believed that human injustice and brutality made the world anything but perfect. Furthermore, he believed that the fatalistic philosophy of Pope and others stripped man of his God-given assoil will. In addition to his anti-philosophy current which runs throughout the work, Voltaire also satirically indicts religion and war. Almost from the first chapter to the dwell, Voltaire depicts religious men (priests, monks, etc) as hypocrites who dont live up to the religion they profess to believe.Most importantly, Voltaire makes the Church out to be one of the most corrupt, violence-ridden institutions on the planet. This is seen both during the Inquisition scene towards the middle of the book as well as the Jesuit satire seen while Candide and Cacambo are in Paraguay. Based largely on Voltaires experiences of the Seven Years? War (1756-63), an anti-war message is found throughout the fast-paced narrative of Candide. Voltaire bitingly criticizes both the french (Abares) and the Prussians (Bulgars). Casually describing the thousands of dead soldiers on both sides, Voltaire underscores how wasteful these heroes? re of human life, clearly showing his anti-war sentiments. During one such battle, Candide, his protagonist, hides, doing his best to keep by from the needless bloodshed and heroic butchery.? After the battle subsides, he ladders through the battlefield, seeing the scattered brains and severed limbs? that littered the ground.? /font Thus, Voltaire bashes a multitude of people and institutions throughout Candide. Despite his many sources of criticism, however, Voltaire merges all of his satires into one, larger message-that the human world is utterly disutopian.All of the versions of utopia which Voltaire raises up and then slams down in his work demonstrate such a loss of optimism. Pangloss? utopia, for one, which simply changes the conditions of the word to fit it to the world he knows is proven false, since even Pangloss himself eventually stops believing it. Eldorado, a second kind of utopia, also fails to satisfy Candide, who soon becomes bored, yearning for adventure, and, of course, Cunegonde. entirely the decision to simply till the land at the conclusion of the book satisfies a quasi-utopian hope of the reader.Yet when Pangloss tries to resurrect the idea that this world is a utopia in the second to last paragraph, Candide himself dismisses the notion. The eighteenth century in Europe,more famously known as the Age of Enlightenment, was a time of profound literary advances. It was an era that saw the expansion and perfection of the novel and an unprecedented proliferation of socially conscious works. The period produced a veritable slew of classics, two among them clearly being MolieresTartuffeand VoltairesCandide. Although written in different times and in different ormats, both works present humorous stories as vehicles for social commentary. Both tales would be classics for their satire alone, but it is their portrayal of women that is perhaps most interesting. European women in the eighteenth century occupied a precarious plant between the ponderous advance of liberalism and the lingering influence of traditional sexual activity roles, and the two works offer broad insights into the lives of such women. MolieresTartuffeand Voltair esCandideboth experience sympathetic and dignified portrayals of strong female characters coadjutord or oppressed by eighteenth century society.One such character in MolieresTartuffeis Dorine, the lady-maid to Orgons wife Elmire. InTartuffe, Moliere presents Dorine as an intelligent woman with a good understanding of human behavior. Moliere attests to her intelligence early in the story by showing her to be the most perceptive member of the household. Unlike Orgon, who is so dimwitted and foolish that he is completely blind to Tartuffes chicanery, Dorine is able to see right through him, bluntly declaring him a fraud (Moliere 25).Dorine is also consistently presented as outspoken and opinionated, oftentimes chastising Orgons actions, particularly concerning the marriage of Mariane and Tartuffe (Moliere 40-42). Furthermore, although Moliere places Dorine in the relatively low position of a lady-maid, he is always quick to display her innate intelligence, dignity, and perceptivene ss. In doing so, Moliere in truth depicts Dorine as a walking contradiction Dorine clearly possesses mental asperity beyond her station, but she is still a maid.Her situation illustrates the position of unnumerable proletarian women of the age competent and intelligent, but mired in dissimilarity and menial labor. As Dorine states in the play, ironically speaking of Madame Pernelle rather than herself, Shes thus because she cant be otherwise (Moliere 27). Molieres commentary on society is buy foodionally discerning here. In making Dorine, a servant (and a female at that), perceptive and intelligent, and the higher class men of the household either dispiritedly foolish or ineffectual, he is demonstrating that class and gender mean little in determining ones worth or intellect.Elmire, the dutiful wife of the pudden-head Orgon, is portrayed in a similar manner despite her different position. In Tartuffe, Moliere depicts the character as a resourceful and intelligent woman much l ike Dorine. Elmire is clearly shown to be mentally superior to her husband, to the point that she becomes frustrated with her husbands gullibility concerning Tartuffe, saying bluntly that Orgons blindness takes her breath away (Moliere 67). Elmire is also a key figure in Molieres work.When Orgon refuses to admit that Tartuffe could possibly harbor adulterous intentions, Elmire takes the initiative and persuades her stubborn husband to hide under a table while she manipulates Tartuffe into admitting his nefarious intent (Moliere 68-69). The fact that Elmire is forced to manipulate her husbands decisions rather than make her own, however, is a clear illustration of the subordinate status of women in eighteenth century marriage. For all her cunning, Elmire is still presented as the subordinate figure in the marriage it is Orgon who controls the finances, home, and daughters of the family.Indeed, Moliere depicts Elmire as a character much like Dorine strong, sympathetic, yet last subj ect to the patriarchal society of the eighteenth century. Elmire is keep back by her status as a wife, Dorine is restrained by her position as a maid, and both are ultimately subordinated by virtue of being female. A similar portrayal of women comes in VoltairesCandide, particularly in the character Cunegonde, Candides love interest and ultimate wife. Voltaire presents Cunegonde as a simple but honest woman with the potent advantages of being of noble lineage and rosy-cheeked, fresh, plump, and appetizing (276).Unlike Moliere, Voltaire does not imbue his female characters with large(p) intelligence instead, his female characters exhibit a keen understanding of human behavior born from life experience and intuition. Arthur Scherr comments on this in his article Voltaires Candide a tale of womens equality, stating that Cunegonde Unfortunately, Cunegonde eventually undergoes horrific experiences at the hands of several men inCandide. In her terrible journey, Cunegonde becomes a symb ol of the more terrible and overt crimes perpetrated towards women in the eighteenth century and throughout time.Throughout the course of the novel, Cunegonde suffers rape, mutilation, and multiple kidnappings (Voltaire 286-287). Although she is able to recover from the experiences, and actually becomes somewhat stronger in doing so, she is so far victimized and traumatized by eighteenth century warfare and society. Much like Molieres Dorine and Elmire, Cunegonde is limited by her status as a female, and suffers atrocities as a result. Voltaire is perhaps somewhat hyperbolic in creating her story for effect, but the spirit of her experiences is not unlike those of many European women caught in the many wars of the eighteenth century.Ultimately, Voltaire portrays Cunegonde as a sympathetic woman who retains her dignity despite experiencing the pound of social realities in eighteenth century Europe. Indeed, MolieresTartuffeand VoltairesCandideboth present strong portrayals of sympat hetic, dignified women restrained or aggressed against by eighteenth century society. Though the works differ greatly in style, one can see social commentary on the status of women in Molieres mild, amusing comedy and Voltaires sensational, abrasive satire.The authors female characters are strong, complex figures that, much like many women of the eighteenth century, were forced to exist in a position of relative weakness. Ironically, it is the very ability of those authors to see such injustices that is probably most influenced by the Enlightenment ideas and slowly expanding liberalism of the era itself. Whatever the case may be, both works stand even today as classics, not just for their brilliant satire, but also for their potent insight into the experiences of eighteenth century women.ConsideringTartuffewas written in the 17th century, you might expect the female characters to be soft-spoken, demure, and generally pretty dull. But that couldnt be further from the truth well, exc ept in the case of Mariane shes soft-spoken, demure, and generally pretty dull. But Elmire and Dorine thats a whole different story. Each one defies convention with gusto they do some things that would still be audacious even today. Theyre quick-witted, strong-willed, and a bit saucy. Theyre a match for their male counterparts anytime, any day. http//www. shmoop. om/tartuffe/women-femininity-quotes. html Voltaires Candide is a very funny satire that skewers the Optimistic attitude that this is the best of all possible worlds. Obviously, considering the horrific events Candide goes through, this isnt the best of anything. Candide has several companions in his misadventures, notably Dr. Pangloss, his instruct and tutor and Cacambo, his servant. Of the women in the tale, two are most important Cunegonde, the woman Candide loves, and the old woman, whom he meets on his travels. This paper will compare and contrast the way the two women are presented in the novel.II Cunegonde Cunegond e is Candides true love. She is the daughter of the Baron Thunder-ten-tronckh, who raised Candide in his castle. She is beautiful, desirable, and despite all the horrible things that happen to her, she is fearfully dull. She is raped and cut open by Bulgarian soldiers (she notes it isnt always necessary to die from such treatment) sold to numerous men as a sexual plaything reunited with Candide parted from him and reunited again at the end of the book. She isnt very bright, and shes essentially passive as a doormat.She fights her Bulgarian rapist, but as soon as shes rescued (by a Bulgarian captain, not Candide) she becomes his willing servant and his lover. When he grows tired of her, he sells her to a Jew named endure Issachar, who adores women. But soon after that she catches the eye of the Grand interrogator, who also wants her. The two men work out an arrangement whereby Don Issachar visits her Monday, Wednesday and the Sabbath the Grand Inquisitor has the other four age of t he week, though there have been some arguments, apparently, about when the Sabbath begins and ends.Soon after Cunegonde tells Candide her tale, Don Issachar shows up. He immediately attacks Candide, and Candide kills him. A few moments later, the Grand Inquisitor arrives, and Candide figures that hell turn them in, so he kills him, too. Then he, Cunegonde and the old woman escape from the scene. When they arrive at an inn, Cunegonde comment is Where will I find another Jew and another inquisitor to give me more jewels? She is for sale to the highest bidder she also has the brains of a flea, and because Candide is a bright young man, his devotion to her is ridiculous a satirical example of mens weakness for women. III The Old char The old woman is a much livelier character, despite the fact that shes so much older, and despite the fact that she has been through many of the same ordeals as the younger woman she has been raped numerous times, sold far more often than Cunegonde, and ev en had one buttock cut off to feed the janissaries that were defending her and other women of a harem.The daughter of Pope urban X, she has been raised in luxury only to fall prey to pirates and sold into slavery. But she meets his misfortunes with an energy and drive that Cunegonde lacks. She even says at one point I have been a hundred times upon the point of violent death myself, but still I was fond of life. (Voltaire, PG). The greatest difference between the two lies in the old womans active stance, as contrasted with Cunegondes passivity. We learn that the old woman was sold at last to a Boyard, who put her to work in the fields and lashed her every day.But instead of simply assuming this was her lot in life, she did something about it But this master having about two years afterwards been broken alive upon the wheel, with about thirty others, for some court intrigues, I took advantage of the event, and made my escape. (Voltaire, PG). After escaping, she tells us, she trave led through many different countries, making her living as a servant at various inns and hostels. In this too she is different from Cunegonde, who has been satisfied to allow men to keep her.She has lived a live that is actually much harder than Cunegondes, because the latter has been sheltered and cared for by men who wanted her for her beaut and sexual charms, which meant that she was well-treated (if any woman being sold against her will can be said to be well-treated). Still, both Don Issachar and the Grand Inquisitor gave her rich gifts, good food and fine wine no one did such things for the older woman. True, they were both little better than slaves, but Cunegonde current her chains while the old woman fought hers.Finally, as she finishes relating her tale, the old woman says I have a great deal of knowledge and experience in the world (Voltaire, PG). And that may be the biggest difference of all. Cunegonde, as I say, is not very bright, and so the things that shes been thro ugh mean little to her, and she hasnt learned much from them. But the old woman has gained a great deal of experience, and furthermore, put it to use. She has escaped from the Boyard and made a living for herself in many different countries, surely not an easy thing to do. IV ConclusionThe women in Candide, in general, suffer a great deal of physical hardship. Rape abounds, as does torture, mutilation and other types of general mayhem. But they react to their misfortunes very differently. Cunegonde accepts whatever happens to her passively indeed, one gets the impression that she simply lets events collect over her, neither noticing nor caring much what happens. The old woman, however, is very much aware of whats going on, and she actively involves herself with events. In so doing, she becomes the more attractive character.

Nuclear Weapon and Science

SCIENCE IS A nemesis TO HUMANITY * comprehension has greatly increased the capability of man to kill each(prenominal) other, literally threating existence. Although information is not al slipway the ca mapping of wars the advances in nuclear weaponry crap crack upn the man the power to destroy the cosmea. At certain points in history, such as the Cuban missile crisis, the world has stood on the edge of destruction. *The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba that occurred in the early 1960s during the Cold struggle.The crisis ranks as one of the major confrontations of the Cold War, and is often regarded as the moment in which the Cold War came closest to a nuclear war. * Our air is soil with toxins and our water supply is polluted with waste from manufacturing. thither ar people suffering e very(prenominal)where and thus far light is so far behind where it matters. A satellite depose be launched into orbit and bring back images millions of miles away besides our water filled, with pharmaceuticals, cannot properly be cleaned? Why on earth would cloning other living being come before finding cures for diseasesI actually believe intuition to be a good thing solely at that place is far too much depravity coming from it. Were stuck finding cures for the ailments ca substance abuse by technology and yet people latch on to technology, expecting it to solve all our problems. Most haunting, society is becoming desensitized to all of it. We be very close to stripping away what little piece we drop left and becoming robotic in nature, looking at everything in a scientific lens. Society expects instant expiation and is consistently undervaluing the very things that ask us humane.As a whole weve becoming needy, less principled, and incap able-bodied of doing things without relying on technology. Were on the verge of becoming nothing to a greater extent than sponges for gratification without calculate. Its sickening. * Our resides ar in danger because bombs are make to scoot thousands or millions of people. New subs are made for robbery. People are rebelling against their take blood, and its not fair. This all is done by the cruel advancement of science. quarter you believe science has increased the capability of men to kill each other? Its true we owe a lot to science, all the public lavatory and creature comforts we enjoy on earth wouldnt have been doable without advances in science. The downside is that all this technology can and bequeath be used against us. Look at the atomic bomb, with the destruction it caused and that was al well-nigh seventy years ago. The weapons we have now, would make the atomic bomb look like a firecracker. Then you have people who get avid for profits and use technology for their own wellbeing not worrying about the well-being of anyone or anything else.As much as I would like to say no, as long as we have a world full of g reedy people in power, who are only gestateing about the bordering big payday science will always be a threat. * Although I understand the view that science has brought us many benefits, I think people often forget its consequences. It has enabled countries to create terrifying Weapons of Mass Destruction, has caused legion(predicate) ethical questions to be raised and is a constant threat to humanity with the danger that it may never stop, and we will become our own beat out enemy.Even some of sciences greatest achievements like the discovery of antibiotics has caused massive implications through with(predicate) the difficult population increase. For these reasons and many more I think scientists should be very careful about how far they go to improve society as it could in fact turn into a serious threat to humanity. * We may be living in a advance(a) world with the fascinate of science however does it makes any difference? many people are still suffering the effect of sc ience. The floods, global warming and etc.Science may function us, but the total destruction it causes us is just one-fourth of the benefits it give us. * It is true that science has brought many great advancements. But because of these advancements humanity is ruined. The world is in corruption because of science. For example, the global warming which lead to the melting of Antarctica. Hacking and fault of information. The invention of dangerous bombs like nuclear weapons and atomic bomb. The viruses and the diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.These declines are started and caused by science and these type of situations will keep worsening by the minute as long as there is an existence called science. * People keep saying that it is humanity that controls science and therefore science is not the actual threat to humanity but rather it is humanity iteself? If it is an innate take time off of humanity to wishing to search then surely so is craze and science is ma king our violence possiblely more and more destructive. SCIENCE IS NOT A THREAT TO HUMANITY * Look back in time a check hundred years.Since then the quality and length of our life has increased significantly. If you live in a first world nation then you benefit from these advances the most. For example when was the last time you went a day without being able to eat? How long does it take you to travel thousands of miles? How quickly can you look information on a computer? All of these great advancements are thanks to science. * The only thing that will lead to destruction of people, is people. Theres rarely knowledge that cant be construed for purpose of mal-intent. If you hand out knives to convicts, someone most likely will be stabbed.Would you deem knives as something to be diminished simply because cutting a steak isnt as significant as killing someone? Knowledge, like a knife, is a tool and it, like any other tool, most be handled appropriately. * Science has transc decision ed the boarders of human understanding and expanded our knowledge of the things that were one time unknown, making everything easier, faster, lighter and better. Scientific studies about human have give a huge progress for Medicine and Surgery diseases that were once incurable are now easily cured, and even changing parts of our carcass is made possible.The modern facilities of communication have made contact between people who are miles apart be easily patched inside seconds. * It is true that Weapons of Mass Destructions are deadly weapons that could bring an end to humanity as we know it. However, is it right to blame all of these potential threats on science? Albert Einstein became a vegetarian because he believed that, in every human, there is barbaric emotion. These barbaric human impulses, not Science, may bring an end to humanity.Science, however, improves our lives, makes us realize the truth and sometimes brings miracles. Firstly, the birth of internet has made our live s more efficient and comfortable. The internet is the reason why people could speak their own opinions on websites, send mails in a matter of seconds and look for the world. Secondly, science has also improved our lives in terms of health. Consider the potential of stem cell research. * Simply put, I believe that it is an innate part of the human psyche to urgency to explore and to find out more about the world.Science is literally our knowledge of the physical/material world gained through observation so to say that advances in science would be perverting to humanity is like point your finger at a gun and saying that it was the one that killed the person, not the soldier. People can choose what they want to do with new developments in science, whether they want to use it to better modern society or otherwise. * Although the fact that WMDs (weapon of mass destruction) are a upshot of research in science, this does not mean it is, generally, sciences fault. It is a human s need to be the powerful one.To be the superior. It is human nature to want to create a bomb that could kill millions, they just use science to find out how to use it. We take advantange of the discoveries of others before us and use it to kill, manipulate, or destroy. * Science helps humanity because it is how we heat our homes up, how we keep our food fresh. Science is how we know the world around us. Science is also even a solution to things like global warming. Science does not pose a threat to humanity unless it is misused or used irresponsibly. * No, humanity is a threat to humanity.Science hasnt caused those things, humans have, societies and governments have, usually to the screaming objection of actual scientists and the scientific consensus. They seem to be the only ones playing by reason or empiricist rules yet they get the blame for the rest of society ignoring their warnings. * Reason why science is threatening to humanity is because humanity itself has conjure up ways to app ly science destructively with or without intention. If we blame science generally, we are merely saying that everyone is a threat to humanity just by existing.

Descriptive Paper About Memphis

THE CITY OF MEMPHIS The city of Memphis is located in the western corner of the state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. Memphis is the biggest city in Tennessee, and the third enlargedst in the United States. The residents of Memphis are referred to as Memphians, and the Memphis region is known as the Mid- southwestern. downtown Memphis sits a dogged the banks of the disseminated multiple sclerosis River. Several large parks are lost throughout the city, the most popular one is called the Overton Park.Also located in downtown Memphis is the Mud Island Monorail. It is used to transport people from the streets of downtown, across the Mississippi river to Mud Island Park, which is a park that sits in the middle of the Mississippi river and is tout ensemble surrounded by water. Memphis has humid subtropical climate. The summer weather is so hot that sometimes its hard to catch your breath, it gets very unbearable. The go through and spring are very nice weather w ise.The winters are chilliness but not as cold as Iowa. During the winter it whitethorn snow just enough to cover the grounds. Many musicians grew up in and around Memphis. These included such(prenominal) musical greats as Elvis Presley, troika 6 Mafia, Jerry Lee Lewis, Muddy Waters, Carl Perkins, W. C. Handy, B. B. King, and many more. Memphis is full of talent, It is known for everything such as singing, dancing, acting, raping, writers and athletes. Memphis has one of the nicest Triple A baseball stadiums in the country.Memphis is withal known for its cultural events. The largest celebration the city has is Memphis In May. The month long series of events promotes Memphis heritage. The four main events are the Beale Street Music Festival, global Week, The Sunset symphony, and The World Championship Barbecue Cooking contest, which is the largest pork barbeque cooking contest in the world. In April there is an event in downtown Memphis called Africa In April.Africa in April as a three-day long feast with vendors markets, fashion showcases, blues showcases, and international diversity parade. The fete was designed to celebrate the arts, history, culture, and diversity of the African diaspora. Memphis is such a large city that it is broken down into small areas such as South Memphis, Whitehaven, Westwood, Orange Mound, North Memphis, and East Memphis just to name a few. Memphis is a very exciting place to live. There is always something to do or some were to go.

Paper Tigers

Paper tigers Bianca 01 All our lives we are told succeed. To do something meaningful with our lives. To be the very best that we can be. But how do we achieve this gladness of a personal achievement? What are the key factors to alleviate us succeed? And why are some unable to achieve such(prenominal) success. We keep such healthy ties within our ego centered networks and this leave behind restrict from developing the social skills we need to break through our receive bamboo ceilings.Risks need to be taken, social interaction needs to happen, and you need to be the best of the best. Wesley Yangs writing, Paper Tigers, shows how Asian Americans are unable to achieve this noble success that they want to achieve. We can take his advice written for Asian Americans and intertwine it with ideas from Malcom Gladwell and his writing, Small Change, and Rebekah Nathans writing Community and Diversity. With insight from all cardinal of these writers, we can achieve that success we all lo ng for. At a young age, we were told to always listen to an authoritative figure.To non speak up and to keep our opinions to ourselves. Wesley Yang makes note of how this affects Asian Americans from advancing in the real world. He writes, So lets say I go to meetings with you and I notice you neer say anything. And I ask myself, hmm, I wonder why youre not saying anything. Maybe its because you dont know what were talking about. That would be a undecomposed reason for not saying anything. Or maybe its because youre not blush interested in the subject matter. Or maybe you think the dialogue is beneath you.So here Im thinking, because you never say anything at meetings that youre either dumb, you dont pity or youre arrogant. When maybe its because you were taught when you were growing up that when the boss is talking, what are you supposititious to be doing? Listening (541). Being taught to listen, we listen. We do not ask questions that would help lead us on to success. We ne ed to break away from these strong ties that we hold so close to us. They keep us from going the purposeless mile. Yes, we dont need to get rid of them completely. Paper Tigers By bduarte1211

How To Write A Research Paper Essay

This guide c everyplaces direct into mods musical composition publishers, and provides advice on forming a statute deed of conveyance for your question theme, how to plan your topic originally you jut, and straining material for your look story. What is a investigate newspaper publisher?The terms look paper and term paper atomic number 18 frequently used interchangeably. However, the terms do non mean the akin thing. Term paper was used in the past exclusively to confer with to the project (indeed enquiry based) that was repayable at the end of a term, semester or quarter whereas search paper had a more specific meaning, i.e. a paper indite as a summary of seek.Hence investigate papers whitethorn be written at both take aim (before, during and after attending university), they whitethorn be published bailiwicks in a lord journal and they may represent the results of hardheaded enquiry, which would non ordinarily be conducted for a term paper. This is the con text edition in which we forget discuss the term query paper herein. A question paper is an academic written assignment that is the product of a research project. This may span days, months, weeks or even years. Typic aloney, research papers lead accept the examination of a particular give up, and discuss * The coverground or report of that issue* Any offstanding questions relating to the issue (the research paper will commonly focus on one particular question and seek to establish turn kayoed to answer this) * The current data and statistics relating to the issue* The problems relating to the issue as revealed by the data * The problems relating to the issue as revealed by practical primary research (i.e. carrying divulge interviews, tests etc) or secondary research (i.e. tone at other(a) peoples research) * Proposed solutions to the problems, and the strengths and weaknesses of these * purposes drawn from the data, research and evidence, as examined * Re commendations in relation to these conclusions.We will look at distributively of these elements in turn, in order to understand how a student or professional can deliver a honor fitted research paper. Forming a surname for your research paperUnlike most types of assignment, the research paper patronage is usu eachy decided upon AFTER you substantiate completed the paper. This is so that the title precisely reflects the content of the paper. However, your research paper will extremity a working title. This helps you to focus and helps others to understand what you argon doing for example, your lecturer/instructor or, if working at a higher level, those funding your project. You should thitherfore return to this department when you suck completed your paper.You then(prenominal) charter to pick a concise, accurate title for your research paper that will make readers want to look at your content, help others nonplus your paper in databases, and explain only what is cove red by the paper with a high degree of accuracy. A research paper will commonly rush a title of 15-20 words in length. E actually word must be needful for the title and so for example, Project on Paper on query on should be removed as these types of phrases be non necessary. practice concise research paper titles* Unemployment by Constituency* Transport in forward-looking YorkResearch Paper SubtitleUnlike a research paper or es tell, it is very common to give your research paper a subtitle. This explains your title more undecomposedy, puts it in context and qualifies the extent, or scope, of the research. Example subtitles (relating to the in a higher aspire example titles)* 2007-2008 trends victimization constituency maps* Transport governance and provision since X was take in 1999 Researching/gathering cultivation for your research paperAs your research paper needs to show a nigh(a) depth of reading, expert research skills argon paramount But before you book of fa cts, a chance upon thing to bear in caput is that you MUST reference all material that you use in your paper. So the first thing to do is find step up what referencing style is required (either by your university or, if you are report a research paper for a journal, by that journal) and start to introduce the location of your fountains using that referencing style. If you do this as you perform the research, youll save yourself hours of cartridge clip later on. Here are some research tips to get you started investigate abuse 1* Form a list of keywords from your research papers working title * Use a thesaurus to find words that mean the same thing as your list of keywords look into STEP 2Most students will begin researching using the internet and indeed, this is a great way to get ideas for your research paper. So start with Google, type in your keywords and bookmark the most germane(predicate) knowledge sites that step to the fore in relation to the issue. Then identify all current matters that mend to your issue from those sites. Note Internet websites provide a fast fount of cutting-edge information unless unfortunately they are not a undeviating source. Use a search of the web as a starting point but unless the website is hosted and edited by a reliable organization (such as the Government), dont rely on its limit as a source for your research paper. Find another center of verifying the information.RESEARCH STEP 3Now youve identified a list of issues and current debates for your research paper, you need to find some feeling source material. The first stage is to find the most recent books written about the issue youre researching. Whilst books are not as up-to-date as journals and articles, they will contain valid points-of-view that need to be con boldnessred. So where do you find books for your research paper? * Google Books this is a good place to start as it has several thousand books that have been scanned in, together with exposi t and snippet views of those which havent been scanned in.* Amazon.com Amazon is a good source because you can see which books are being released, and their release date, as good as using search inside to look through the contents of many books (this latter service only works if you have move an order before) * Questia Questia has thousands of books scanned in although you have to pay a small subscription fee. Your university may also provide you with access to a library and you can then search through their databases to find the most relevant and recent books for your research paper. The best way to scan whether a book is relevant to what youre writing about is to look through the index. Youll quickly see if theres anything useful in the book for your research paper.RESEARCH STEP 4Now you have the latest books for your research paper, you need to start looking for journals. These really should be your main type of source material. disseminate University Web Resources is an ga uzy list of such journal databases, although youll need an capital of Greece password to use some of them. Our favorite journal databases for consistently excellent and up-to-date content are * ScienceDirect 2,000 peer-reviewed journals, books, handbooks etc * EBSCO- thousands of journals, millions of articles* Emerald- thousands of journals in management and library and information services, engineering, applied science and technology * Ingenta 4,500+ journals in all fields and a further 20,000 abstracts The latter source, Ingenta, gives you FREE access to the bibliography which is useful for your research paper even if you dont have an capital of Greece login. Locate articles relating to your quash and check out the bibliography for further reading which you might be able to locate online without passwords. You can sometimes obtain a free exam of these databases giving you temporary access. Also, the four websites also have a good number of journals that you do not need a subs cription to view. These are lots indicated by a special icon. For example (from Ingenta)RESEARCH STEP 5There is one final type of source material you need to consider, and that is the news. If youre lucky enough to have an athens password, your first midriff will be Lexis Professional (formerly known as LexisNexis Executive) which contains the full text of newspapers and other news sources worldwide as well as ships company data, annual reports and business directory information from Disclosure, Extel, ICC, and Worldscope. If you dont have an athens password, any good news site will suffice US News, CNN etc. Of course, if you are researching an issue which affects another country, you should be looking at that countrys main news website.What you are looking for is any current developments that may affect the research for your paper. This may be statistics released by the Government, consultation papers, proposed changes in legislation, current developments or debates etc. fall apartt forget, newspapers are NOT a reliable source of information. You are using them to find information for your research paper but you should substantiate this information once you have found it. If it is reported that the Government has released some statistics, go and find those on the Government website. If a consultation paper has been released, go and find the paper and read it.Filtering the material for your research paperThe louvre step research process reveals a lot of information for your research paper and youll need to filter it down, or youll have too practically to analyses. This does, however, beg the question how many sources should you use? The answer to this depends on the level of your research paper. If it is an assignment for your degree, you should look at using roughly 9 quality sources per 2,500 words. If it is for some interest-graduate course, you can easily double that. A professional research paper (for publication) might use 30-40 sources per 2,50 0 words. The emphasis in all cases, however, should be on quality and not on quantity.A good selection of research material from a variety of quality sources (i.e. not just books, not just journals, not just the internet and not just the news) is far part than a huge selection of research material from poor quality, unreliable sources of a similar type. To help filter the information you have found for your research paper, you are dismissal to need to evaluate its quality. This involves a consideration of whether * The source is a quality source -its reliable, dependable and highly likely to be accurate. * The source is indifferent(p) watch newspapers which may have political views.Ask yourself if the writer has presented a balance argument, or has deliberately played down one side of the argument to rise his own personal views. * The source is relevant to your research does it specifically tie in with your working title? * You havent already got enough material to prove what t his source proves if you aim to back up each of your arguments in your research paper with 2-3 pieces of evidence (for a very high quality paper) or at least 2 for a student paper, then you can filter out any material that is excessive of this. Creating an outline for your research paperA prefatorial outline will look something like this* Working title (as discussed previously)* character this is a short rumor to say what the paper is for. It helps people who are looking for research papers themselves to assess the relevancy of your research paper to their studies. Example purpose statement This paper shows the number of people claiming benefits record as resident in each constituency in the United States in July 2008, together with comparisons with the levels in July 2007 and July 1997. This paper also presents residence-based unemployment rates for all constituencies in the United States. * Methodology this is a statement of how you will carry out your research. You have alr eady done some secondary research but you may also wish to carry out primary research for your paper. primary(a) research (sometimes called empirical research) is research you carry out yourself and data that is produced as a result of this, which has never been published before.Primary research may be carried out through face-to-face interviews, mobilize interviews, postal surveys, website surveys or focus/discussion groups. Be careful before carrying out research over the phone or through the post though some states allow people to restrict how they are contacted. standby research is the study of data that exists already such as books, journals, statistics, other research papers, websites, news reports, magazine articles etc. You have already carried out secondary research through the five step research process. So which research method is best for your research paper? Instinctively you may think that the primary data will provide the most fire results.However, if your time a nd budget are both limited, do not be tempted to embark on a study. You will do far better analyzing existing studies than producing a low-quality study that is limited in its value due to the amount of time and finance you can devote to it. * Scope of research all research is going to be limited to certain factors. A paper on crime cannot investigate all types of crime, committed by all sexes, all ages, globally. So how are you going to limit your paper? What areas of the issue will you look at and which will you discard? Your statement of scope will be about 150-300 words long and explain exactly what you are going to cover in your research, and what you are going to leave out (usually with brief reasons). If you are carrying out primary research, you may want to set out the limitations of this here too.* Introduction this is where you set the ikon for your reader. You explain what you are researching and why. You identify the issues you will be looking into and you say what yo u are going to prove. It is therefore a good idea to write this last, along with your final title* Background/history this particle of your research paper isnt essential but might be appropriate. You might want to explain the development of the issue and how particular matters have arisen. Dont bother unless it is necessary, to put the matter in context.* Body this section of your research paper will be broken up into sub-sections, each dealing with a particular sub-matter. Aim to present balanced evidence in each section on the points you wish to raise, and try not to reach any conclusions at this stage. The body is the body of your research, not the analysis.* Findings/ intelligence heres where you analyze the research you have conducted and say how your findings are relevant to the issue. Its a very important section, without which you will have merely stated other peoples findings and opinions without contributing anything yourself.* Conclusion this section of your research paper returns to the introduction and stated aims, and spells out very clearly how you achieved them, referring to the points you have proved and the evidence you have used to prove it. It should not be repetitive but instead, it should summarize the results of your research. You should also command no new material is introduced at this stage if you have new material for your research paper, put it in the body and findings sections.* Recommendations this section of your research paper is very much optional and will depend on whether such a section would be appropriate for the subject you are studying. Law research papers almost always will embarrass recommendations. What sort of recommendations should you make? These might include * How policies/the law/practice should be changed, based on your findings * What further research must be carried out beforemaking any sensible recommendations.Your recommendations must actually adjoin to what you have established in your research pa per. You cannot randomly introduce things at this stage that you think might be useful. They must be ratiocinative recommendations, based on your research and analysis, and they should follow on from the conclusion. Now you have written out an outline for your research paper, you will literally be able to fill in the blanks and your paper should evolve and progress naturally, chase the headings you have chosen. Keep referring back to your working title as you write, as well as to your methodology and scope. This should limit you to material that is most relevant and ensure you dont include excessive, unnecessary points. Finishing your research paperNow youve written up your research paper, youll need to do a little editing and proofreading to ensure the finished product achieves the direct youre looking for. This includes * Weeding out any unnecessary material. Evaluate what you have written and whether it is needed, keeping the methodology, scope and working title in mind* Proof reading your research paper. Read it out loud, have someone else read it for you, get off a spell check, run a grammar check go over the paper several times and make sure you havent made any errors. There are often extra tag for students in respect of presentation. * Checking your referencing. Every source should be properly referenced. Quotations should be in quotation marks. Your work should contain a full list of references and a bibliography. References are sources you actually cite in your work whereas the bibliography includes sources which you may have read, and may have influenced your writing, but you havent specifically cited.