How To Write A Research Paper Essay

This guide c everyplaces direct into mods musical composition publishers, and provides advice on forming a statute deed of conveyance for your question theme, how to plan your topic originally you jut, and straining material for your look story. What is a investigate newspaper publisher?The terms look paper and term paper atomic number 18 frequently used interchangeably. However, the terms do non mean the akin thing. Term paper was used in the past exclusively to confer with to the project (indeed enquiry based) that was repayable at the end of a term, semester or quarter whereas search paper had a more specific meaning, i.e. a paper indite as a summary of seek.Hence investigate papers whitethorn be written at both take aim (before, during and after attending university), they whitethorn be published bailiwicks in a lord journal and they may represent the results of hardheaded enquiry, which would non ordinarily be conducted for a term paper. This is the con text edition in which we forget discuss the term query paper herein. A question paper is an academic written assignment that is the product of a research project. This may span days, months, weeks or even years. Typic aloney, research papers lead accept the examination of a particular give up, and discuss * The coverground or report of that issue* Any offstanding questions relating to the issue (the research paper will commonly focus on one particular question and seek to establish turn kayoed to answer this) * The current data and statistics relating to the issue* The problems relating to the issue as revealed by the data * The problems relating to the issue as revealed by practical primary research (i.e. carrying divulge interviews, tests etc) or secondary research (i.e. tone at other(a) peoples research) * Proposed solutions to the problems, and the strengths and weaknesses of these * purposes drawn from the data, research and evidence, as examined * Re commendations in relation to these conclusions.We will look at distributively of these elements in turn, in order to understand how a student or professional can deliver a honor fitted research paper. Forming a surname for your research paperUnlike most types of assignment, the research paper patronage is usu eachy decided upon AFTER you substantiate completed the paper. This is so that the title precisely reflects the content of the paper. However, your research paper will extremity a working title. This helps you to focus and helps others to understand what you argon doing for example, your lecturer/instructor or, if working at a higher level, those funding your project. You should thitherfore return to this department when you suck completed your paper.You then(prenominal) charter to pick a concise, accurate title for your research paper that will make readers want to look at your content, help others nonplus your paper in databases, and explain only what is cove red by the paper with a high degree of accuracy. A research paper will commonly rush a title of 15-20 words in length. E actually word must be needful for the title and so for example, Project on Paper on query on should be removed as these types of phrases be non necessary. practice concise research paper titles* Unemployment by Constituency* Transport in forward-looking YorkResearch Paper SubtitleUnlike a research paper or es tell, it is very common to give your research paper a subtitle. This explains your title more undecomposedy, puts it in context and qualifies the extent, or scope, of the research. Example subtitles (relating to the in a higher aspire example titles)* 2007-2008 trends victimization constituency maps* Transport governance and provision since X was take in 1999 Researching/gathering cultivation for your research paperAs your research paper needs to show a nigh(a) depth of reading, expert research skills argon paramount But before you book of fa cts, a chance upon thing to bear in caput is that you MUST reference all material that you use in your paper. So the first thing to do is find step up what referencing style is required (either by your university or, if you are report a research paper for a journal, by that journal) and start to introduce the location of your fountains using that referencing style. If you do this as you perform the research, youll save yourself hours of cartridge clip later on. Here are some research tips to get you started investigate abuse 1* Form a list of keywords from your research papers working title * Use a thesaurus to find words that mean the same thing as your list of keywords look into STEP 2Most students will begin researching using the internet and indeed, this is a great way to get ideas for your research paper. So start with Google, type in your keywords and bookmark the most germane(predicate) knowledge sites that step to the fore in relation to the issue. Then identify all current matters that mend to your issue from those sites. Note Internet websites provide a fast fount of cutting-edge information unless unfortunately they are not a undeviating source. Use a search of the web as a starting point but unless the website is hosted and edited by a reliable organization (such as the Government), dont rely on its limit as a source for your research paper. Find another center of verifying the information.RESEARCH STEP 3Now youve identified a list of issues and current debates for your research paper, you need to find some feeling source material. The first stage is to find the most recent books written about the issue youre researching. Whilst books are not as up-to-date as journals and articles, they will contain valid points-of-view that need to be con boldnessred. So where do you find books for your research paper? * Google Books this is a good place to start as it has several thousand books that have been scanned in, together with exposi t and snippet views of those which havent been scanned in.* Amazon.com Amazon is a good source because you can see which books are being released, and their release date, as good as using search inside to look through the contents of many books (this latter service only works if you have move an order before) * Questia Questia has thousands of books scanned in although you have to pay a small subscription fee. Your university may also provide you with access to a library and you can then search through their databases to find the most relevant and recent books for your research paper. The best way to scan whether a book is relevant to what youre writing about is to look through the index. Youll quickly see if theres anything useful in the book for your research paper.RESEARCH STEP 4Now you have the latest books for your research paper, you need to start looking for journals. These really should be your main type of source material. disseminate University Web Resources is an ga uzy list of such journal databases, although youll need an capital of Greece password to use some of them. Our favorite journal databases for consistently excellent and up-to-date content are * ScienceDirect 2,000 peer-reviewed journals, books, handbooks etc * EBSCO- thousands of journals, millions of articles* Emerald- thousands of journals in management and library and information services, engineering, applied science and technology * Ingenta 4,500+ journals in all fields and a further 20,000 abstracts The latter source, Ingenta, gives you FREE access to the bibliography which is useful for your research paper even if you dont have an capital of Greece login. Locate articles relating to your quash and check out the bibliography for further reading which you might be able to locate online without passwords. You can sometimes obtain a free exam of these databases giving you temporary access. Also, the four websites also have a good number of journals that you do not need a subs cription to view. These are lots indicated by a special icon. For example (from Ingenta)RESEARCH STEP 5There is one final type of source material you need to consider, and that is the news. If youre lucky enough to have an athens password, your first midriff will be Lexis Professional (formerly known as LexisNexis Executive) which contains the full text of newspapers and other news sources worldwide as well as ships company data, annual reports and business directory information from Disclosure, Extel, ICC, and Worldscope. If you dont have an athens password, any good news site will suffice US News, CNN etc. Of course, if you are researching an issue which affects another country, you should be looking at that countrys main news website.What you are looking for is any current developments that may affect the research for your paper. This may be statistics released by the Government, consultation papers, proposed changes in legislation, current developments or debates etc. fall apartt forget, newspapers are NOT a reliable source of information. You are using them to find information for your research paper but you should substantiate this information once you have found it. If it is reported that the Government has released some statistics, go and find those on the Government website. If a consultation paper has been released, go and find the paper and read it.Filtering the material for your research paperThe louvre step research process reveals a lot of information for your research paper and youll need to filter it down, or youll have too practically to analyses. This does, however, beg the question how many sources should you use? The answer to this depends on the level of your research paper. If it is an assignment for your degree, you should look at using roughly 9 quality sources per 2,500 words. If it is for some interest-graduate course, you can easily double that. A professional research paper (for publication) might use 30-40 sources per 2,50 0 words. The emphasis in all cases, however, should be on quality and not on quantity.A good selection of research material from a variety of quality sources (i.e. not just books, not just journals, not just the internet and not just the news) is far part than a huge selection of research material from poor quality, unreliable sources of a similar type. To help filter the information you have found for your research paper, you are dismissal to need to evaluate its quality. This involves a consideration of whether * The source is a quality source -its reliable, dependable and highly likely to be accurate. * The source is indifferent(p) watch newspapers which may have political views.Ask yourself if the writer has presented a balance argument, or has deliberately played down one side of the argument to rise his own personal views. * The source is relevant to your research does it specifically tie in with your working title? * You havent already got enough material to prove what t his source proves if you aim to back up each of your arguments in your research paper with 2-3 pieces of evidence (for a very high quality paper) or at least 2 for a student paper, then you can filter out any material that is excessive of this. Creating an outline for your research paperA prefatorial outline will look something like this* Working title (as discussed previously)* character this is a short rumor to say what the paper is for. It helps people who are looking for research papers themselves to assess the relevancy of your research paper to their studies. Example purpose statement This paper shows the number of people claiming benefits record as resident in each constituency in the United States in July 2008, together with comparisons with the levels in July 2007 and July 1997. This paper also presents residence-based unemployment rates for all constituencies in the United States. * Methodology this is a statement of how you will carry out your research. You have alr eady done some secondary research but you may also wish to carry out primary research for your paper. primary(a) research (sometimes called empirical research) is research you carry out yourself and data that is produced as a result of this, which has never been published before.Primary research may be carried out through face-to-face interviews, mobilize interviews, postal surveys, website surveys or focus/discussion groups. Be careful before carrying out research over the phone or through the post though some states allow people to restrict how they are contacted. standby research is the study of data that exists already such as books, journals, statistics, other research papers, websites, news reports, magazine articles etc. You have already carried out secondary research through the five step research process. So which research method is best for your research paper? Instinctively you may think that the primary data will provide the most fire results.However, if your time a nd budget are both limited, do not be tempted to embark on a study. You will do far better analyzing existing studies than producing a low-quality study that is limited in its value due to the amount of time and finance you can devote to it. * Scope of research all research is going to be limited to certain factors. A paper on crime cannot investigate all types of crime, committed by all sexes, all ages, globally. So how are you going to limit your paper? What areas of the issue will you look at and which will you discard? Your statement of scope will be about 150-300 words long and explain exactly what you are going to cover in your research, and what you are going to leave out (usually with brief reasons). If you are carrying out primary research, you may want to set out the limitations of this here too.* Introduction this is where you set the ikon for your reader. You explain what you are researching and why. You identify the issues you will be looking into and you say what yo u are going to prove. It is therefore a good idea to write this last, along with your final title* Background/history this particle of your research paper isnt essential but might be appropriate. You might want to explain the development of the issue and how particular matters have arisen. Dont bother unless it is necessary, to put the matter in context.* Body this section of your research paper will be broken up into sub-sections, each dealing with a particular sub-matter. Aim to present balanced evidence in each section on the points you wish to raise, and try not to reach any conclusions at this stage. The body is the body of your research, not the analysis.* Findings/ intelligence heres where you analyze the research you have conducted and say how your findings are relevant to the issue. Its a very important section, without which you will have merely stated other peoples findings and opinions without contributing anything yourself.* Conclusion this section of your research paper returns to the introduction and stated aims, and spells out very clearly how you achieved them, referring to the points you have proved and the evidence you have used to prove it. It should not be repetitive but instead, it should summarize the results of your research. You should also command no new material is introduced at this stage if you have new material for your research paper, put it in the body and findings sections.* Recommendations this section of your research paper is very much optional and will depend on whether such a section would be appropriate for the subject you are studying. Law research papers almost always will embarrass recommendations. What sort of recommendations should you make? These might include * How policies/the law/practice should be changed, based on your findings * What further research must be carried out beforemaking any sensible recommendations.Your recommendations must actually adjoin to what you have established in your research pa per. You cannot randomly introduce things at this stage that you think might be useful. They must be ratiocinative recommendations, based on your research and analysis, and they should follow on from the conclusion. Now you have written out an outline for your research paper, you will literally be able to fill in the blanks and your paper should evolve and progress naturally, chase the headings you have chosen. Keep referring back to your working title as you write, as well as to your methodology and scope. This should limit you to material that is most relevant and ensure you dont include excessive, unnecessary points. Finishing your research paperNow youve written up your research paper, youll need to do a little editing and proofreading to ensure the finished product achieves the direct youre looking for. This includes * Weeding out any unnecessary material. Evaluate what you have written and whether it is needed, keeping the methodology, scope and working title in mind* Proof reading your research paper. Read it out loud, have someone else read it for you, get off a spell check, run a grammar check go over the paper several times and make sure you havent made any errors. There are often extra tag for students in respect of presentation. * Checking your referencing. Every source should be properly referenced. Quotations should be in quotation marks. Your work should contain a full list of references and a bibliography. References are sources you actually cite in your work whereas the bibliography includes sources which you may have read, and may have influenced your writing, but you havent specifically cited.