Warrington Environmental Pollution and Soil Health Risks

Warrington Environmental Pollution and Soil Health RisksReport on the environmental pollution and human health risks of stigmas in the former industrial area of Woolston, Warrington.2.IntroductionAs a result of rapid population outgrowth fol minored by intense industrial activity and petrochemical development begrimes have suffered from taint with substances of various origins (E.M.Garcia et al,2015).As a result of rapid industrialisation of cities such as Manchester, newly constructed transmission channels were built all over the UK in array to extend trade as well as the exportation of goods. In the 1820s, a new canal was established on the river Mersey with the purpose of shortening the alley of navigation through with(predicate) with(predicate) the meandering Mersey.3.Study station.According to Warrington borough council, the juvenile spot canalise was opened in 1821. This 2km long canal was built in graze to improve the Mersey and Irwell navigation by creating a shortcut for barges carrying goods between Liverpool and Manchester. historical ordnance survey maps from 1907 show an adjacent chemical works, a enormous tannery, a slaughter house, a admixturelic element works and a powder mill. Sustained industrial activity meant that the canal down payment was undoubtedly polluted by spillages from ships and industrial effluents (Hartley and Dickinson,2010). Following the establishment of the Manchester shipping canal the New Cut transmission channel began to decline until it was left derelict (Warrington borough council) and eventually the Canal was dis attached from the river and aband wizd in 1978 (Hartley and Dickinson,2010). In that year, it was discrete that the site was to be used for tipping under emergency procedures to deposit road construction rubble (Hartley and Dickinson ,2010).Following this history, it has been estimated that the site contains 9800 tonnes of polluted anoxic alluviation. It is known that this polluted sedim ent contains elevated levels of TPHs (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons), PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) followed by highly elevated concentrations of metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni) and Arsenic (As) (Hartley and Dickinson,2010).4.Methods4.1. Methods out in the dramaturgy.4.1.1 Soil samplesTo determine the degree of dirty contaminant at the site, brand samples were taken at various organises along the New Cut Canal site. It was decided that a systematic sampling method would be used in order to record an competent amount of data for the investigation. This sampling method had been chosen as it allowed one to determine the spacial pattern of contamination whilst limiting human errors (O1). Whilst at the site, transects had been established along the New Cut Canal site. Transects were established along a 700-metre stretch of the canal and each transect had been stray by 70 meters. In total there was 10 transects and along each transect,6 primer samples were taken approxim ately every 10 meters from the Northernmost point of the canal to the southernmost point closest to the river Mersey.Soil samples from each sampling point were taken just to a lower place the surface but in order to prevent large organic materials from interfering with the soil investigations later it was decided that each sample should be taken and the large organic consider (Roots etc.) should be removed. This was through using a measuring tape and a spade. The soil samples had been gathered in plastic bags.4.2. conduction and resistivity set within the soil surrounding New Cut Canal. 4.2.1. Electrical impedance Imaging (ERI) using ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography)The ERI was used to show the potential mobility of fall out and toxic metals within the soil by analysing conductivity data from the ERT and the EM-31. Conductivity measurements were taken using an ERT along a single transect measuring 35 metres between the New Cut Canal site and the river Mersey. The ERT tak es conductivity measurements through a series of electrodes which are placed into the design. Once these electrodes had been implanted and connected to each other via multi core cables a current was whence injected into the globe through these electrodes and as the current passed through the soil resistivity measurements were taken. Changes in conductivity reflect variations in underwater materials and higher conductivity readings are associated with higher metal concentrations in soil pore waters. shape 1 Below is an movie that shows the standard setup of ERT. In this investigation the electrodes were inserted into the ground at distances of 2 meters apart. The transect of electrodes covered an area between the New Cut Canal and the river Mersey and was carried out at an angle of 0 (North to South). Image from Terra digital audiotape http//terradat.co.uk/survey-methods/resistivity-tomography/4.2.2. Geonics EM-31 Ground Conductivity meter ERT maps out the geological variations associated with changes in conductivity (Exploration instruments) as well as the EM-31. Unlike the ERT, the EM-31 gathers its readings by creating an electromagnetic field in the air using a coil wire which is separated from a receiver coil by 3.66 meters. The transmitted energy propagates into the subsurface where a second electromagnetic field is created due to the effect of soil moisture, conductive earth materials and other buried objects (Reynolds international,2011). The EM-31 is useful to this investigation as it can take conductivity measurements infra 2 meters of the Earths surface. The data placid by both the EM-31 and the ERT could because be combined to determine changes in conductivity up to a depth of 3-4 meters.4.3. Soil sample experiments in the lab4.3.1. Determining total metal concentrationsFollowing the onsite extraction of soils samples, they were then taken to the lab for further processing. Before any more investigations were conducted the soil samples were dried in an oven at 40C for 48 hours in order to remove all of the moisture. Oven drying the sediment is crucial in this fibre of investigation as one can only compare the dry weighting to the Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) (DEFRA, 2002). Once they had been dried, the soil samples were then processed further in order to analyse the total metal concentrations (Pb,Zn,Cr and As), bioavailability of those metals, organic question content and soil pH. Soil samples were then sieved so that larger particles greater than 2mm in diameter were removed. After the samples had been sieved, analysis of the bioavailability of metals was conducted. 10g of sieved sediment was then added to a conical where 50mL of 0.5mol acetic acid was added using a measuring piston chamber. Once the acid was added the flask was sealed with Parafilm and placed onto an orbital shaker for 30 minutes. Whilst the samples were shaken, 2 30mL universal sample tubes were prepped (2 for every sample) and a Whatman no 1 fil ter paper was added to each of the tubes. After the cylinder samples had been shaken, they were left to stand for 10 minutes in order for the content to settle (Beneficial to the investigation as it sped up the filtering process). Following 10 minutes, the supported liquid in the cylinder was then added into the universal sample tubes through the filter paper. Once one of the tubes was full the second one was then introduced to the filtering process. Eventually both universal tubes were sealed and then analysis of the metal concentrations was conducted by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).4.3.2. Determining organic issue (OM) contentSecondly, organic matter content needed to be measured, this was done using the loss on ignition method. This process began with the weighing of an alter porcelain crucible (W1). Soil was then added until it filled the crucible and was then weighed (W2). The dry weight was then dogged by using the pursuit computing W2-W1. The minute that this w as done the crucibles for each of the samples was then oven-dried at a temperature of one hundred fiveC overnight and then placed in a desiccator the following morning. Afterwards, the samples were then measured again (W3). The crucibles were then placed into a moderate furnace and ignited at 450C for 8 hours and left to cool on a sand tray. After this, the crucibles were weighed again (W4). This was done to burn get rid of any of the Organic Matter (OM) content. Muffled weight was then determined by using this calculation, W4-W1. The final method involved a simple(a) calculation, shown belowOM content (% of dry sediment) =oven dry weight (g) muffled weight (g) / oven dry weight (g) x 1004.3.3. Determining soil pHTo begin with 10g of soil was added to a beaker using a spatula where it would then be mixed with 25mL of deionised water using a measuring cylinder. The beaker was then affected well until all of the material had been suspended (To allow the contents to mix) short f ollowed by a 15-minute period whereby the beaker was left to stand. Following the 15-minute period a pH strip was dipped into each of the samples. Using a pH reference card, the colours recorded on each of the pH document was noted.4.3.4. Determining Total (T) metal concentrations using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy)Finally, 10g of each sample was added into a small plastic bag and then shaken until all of the soil reached the bottom. The bag was then placed onto the test bed and then the XRF cable car determined the % values of Pb, Zn, Cr and As.5. Results 5.1. Figure 2 The table below shows all of the data collected from the field as well as metal concentrations in mg/kg-1 for each of the soils samples. OM or organic matter was measured in grams. Total Chromium concentrations when analysed however the concentrations were too low when measured using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF).SiteIDxyOMpHPbTZnTCrTPbBZnBCrBA13630813890354.665.5029.00199.00nd0.0112.710.21A23630813 8896914.815.8015.0080.00nd0.091.900.20A336308738891915.286.0020.00130.00nd0.0111.950.26A43630643888676.264.70645.00417.00nd2.4435.990.45A536307038882310.674.5040.00205.00nd0.185.870.17A63630793887378.764.5058.00299.00nd1.0519.160.04B136313738902123.245.00178.0032.00nd0.4126.420.18B23631393889736.835.0079.0016.00nd0.010.010.18B33631403889417.025.00126.0024.00nd0.015.370.16B436314538888213.114.70128.0027.00nd0.019.920.11B536316038880810.164.7096.0026.00nd0.3010.230.15B636318638873113.574.70184.0032.00nd0.009.570.18C13631963889419.104.7073.0021.00nd1.558.200.22C236319438897510.605.00107.0019.00nd0.0111.020.31C336318538902211.205.0079.0024.00nd0.1510.720.24C436320538882813.104.7075.0020.00nd0.019.090.12C53632013888548.904.7093.0020.00nd0.2611.130.12C63631873888889.604.4095.0024.00nd0.018.710.16D13632513889697.516.10126.00298.00nd0.6961.880.41D236325038896510.555.80111.00278.00nd0.0117.750.20D336325638899911.455.50109.00312.00nd0.1618.380.16D436324738890712.926.1032.0045.00nd4.7536.600.3 7D53632503888989.325.0034.0056.00nd4.5025.350.30D63632523888873.864.4023.0032.00nd4.5927.910.34E13633983889847.705.5038.00298.00nd0.5221.280.17E23633893889978.905.9055.00433.00nd0.2125.960.22E33633803890035.605.1038.00532.00nd0.013.600.15E436344538892911.204.5021.0056.00nd0.110.010.09E536344438891911.905.1019.0048.00nd0.580.420.09E636344738890712.105.2033.0063.00nd1.225.420.14F13635193889829.775.8033.00225.00nd2.0111.290.63F236351038901011.165.5022.00134.00nd0.3716.080.35F33635123890295.706.5055.00489.00nd0.0723.220.17F43635193889736.895.0037.00220.00nd1.7516.220.58F53635253889466.184.7021.0080.00nd0.010.010.14F63635333889236.754.4020.0052.00nd0.012.590.12G136357338905621.175.8043.00287.00nd0.0013.660.41G236356438903212.765.5045.00289.00nd0.0110.490.44G33635613890228.537.0032.00212.00nd0.099.900.34G43635643890018.325.0023.00176.00nd0.072.100.15G53635593890226.674.7021.0076.00nd0.052.300.17G63635693889658.354.7019.0034.00nd0.032.100.18H13636853890566.266.501047.001639.00nd16.5749.790 .67H23636743890362.225.5049.001156.00nd0.1738.150.22H33636693890163.015.3046.00153.00nd8.7323.470.44H43636323889814.965.0023.0077.00nd0.242.970.06H53636313889717.345.0031.00143.00nd0.466.010.11H63636323889594.845.0048.0078.00nd2.440.640.13I136369738901821.175.8032.00819.00nd0.7440.060.39I236370338904412.765.5051.00483.00nd1.6532.530.60I33636943890788.537.0032.00202.00nd2.1025.270.81I43637183889828.325.0023.0091.00nd0.489.230.12I53637203889816.674.7019.0068.00nd0.010.010.05I63637233889788.354.7031.00126.00nd0.017.460.09J13637753890036.266.5033.00224.00nd2.2226.490.80J23637703890532.225.5024.00104.00nd0.010.370.13J33637673891043.015.3036.00401.00nd0.4025.690.33J43637713889724.965.0024.00176.00nd0.0110.960.18J53637713889737.345.0023.00128.00nd0.0111.930.19J63637723889704.845.0017.0079.00nd0.014.300.09Figure 3 The image below shows the spatial pattern of Lead (Pb) contamination across the New Cut Canal site. The image was created using glint play software. It is clear that the highes t levels of Pb were prepare around sample site A3-5 and H1-2.Figure 4 The image below shows the spatial pattern of Zinc (Zn) contamination across the New Cut Canal site. The image was created using Arc Map software. Based on the spatial image, it is clear that the highest levels of Zn were found around sampling sites H1 and H2.Figure 5 The image below shows the spatial pattern of pH levels across the New Cut Canal site. The image was created using Arc Map. The most acidic pH readings were located towards the southwest of the site whereas pH readings in the Eastern part of the sampling site increased to a pH of 5.3 and above.Figure 6 The graph below represents the changes in the Total (T) metal concentrations of various metals as well as indicating how bio available these metals are in the area.Figure 7 The stacked tower below allows one to determine the bioavailability of Zinc as a persona when compared to its total (T) metal concentrations for each of the sample sites. Upon obse rving the data, it is clear that (in monetary value of percentage) Zn bioav

Financial Systems of Ghana and Nigeria

Financial Systems of Ghana and NigeriaSince the idea of tenner Smiths invincible touchs in any case known as invincible hand of the market, the allocative power of the market has been generally recognised. These ideas lay down been reinforced by the observable failure of Keynesian theories of organization intervention to stand the test of time. As a result of the adoption of SAP (Structural Adjustment programme) by roughly growing countries including Ghana and Nigerian which be my main concentration, the get by of easiness versus intervention has been rekindled. The major(ip) area of concentration is if these exploitation countries (Ghana and Nigeria) with imperfect markets piddle benefitted from recent relaxation behavior efforts in the structural try-on programme.Financial slackening is usually an important comp unitarynt of a countrys st appreciategy for scotch emersion. In an old fashion way, monetary loosening, has come to be most universally linked with fre eing of entertain marks, however now monetary liberalization is seen as a process involving a much broader set of measures adapt toward the excreting of various restrictions on the pecuniary field, such as the removal of portfolio restrictions on the lodgeing welkin, the clear of the external sector, and similarly changes in the workings of the monetary indemnityTHE pecuniary SYSTEM OF gold coast AND NIGERIA.A key represent fact about pecuniary systems in kick downstairsing countries is that they are henpecked by commercial banks (Fry, I995, pp. 4-5 Rojas-Suairez and Weisbrod, I995, pp. 4) Ghana and Nigerias pecuniary system consists of a giving fragmented informal sector and formal sector. The formal sector is coiffe up of central bank(Bank of Ghana and Central Bank of Nigeria) at the apex, with 42 commercial banks for both countries Nigeria (26) and Ghana (16), increment banks (Nigeria, (5), Ghana (3) , and merchant banks (30) Nigeria), (Ghana, (10), ind emnity companies, stock exchange, building society, community banks. The structure of Nigerias fiscal system leave be explained be lowlyRegulatory Authorities they regulate the Nigerian fiscal system, and they include Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF), Federal mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),), and the issue Board for Community Banks (NBCB, National Insurance Commission (NIC). These restrictive g all overnment activity will be explained in detail below.1. Federal Ministry of Finance the utilisation of this regulatory authority is to advise the Federal administration on its financial operation and make sure it follows whatever the central bank of Nigeria says concerning the monetary matters of the country.2. FEDERAL MORTGAGE BANK OF NIGERIA (FMBN)The role of the is to provide banking and advisory services, and also to undertake research activities pertaini ng to housing. After the adoption of the National Housing insurance insurance in 1990, The FMBN is empowered to licence and control main mortgage institutions in Nigeria and act as the peak regulatory body for the mortgage finance industry.3. The central bank of NigeriaThe central bank of Nigeria has the same responsibilities as the bank of Ghana. It was established by the central bank of Nigeria act of 1958 and commenced operation on July 1, 1959. Their major regulatory objective is to issue legal tender to the prudence, banker of utmost(a) resort, financial adviser to the government, enhance monetary stability and a proficient financial environment which will be of benefit to the country in the short and long remain. the central bank of Nigerias success is patchly as a result of the rise in crude crude fossil oil prices.4. The Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation Its role is to complement the supervisory and regulatory role of central bank of Nigeria (CBN). It has the ri ght to examine the books and affairs of the check banks in Nigeria and former(a) deposit taking financial institutions.ORIGIN OF FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION IN NIGERIANigerias economy has always been dependent on oil prices since the earlyish 1960s. As a result of the collapse of origination oil prices and the reduction in the production of petroleum in the early 1980s, the personality of the countrys economic and financial position became very weak and vulnerable. This led to inlet and economic deterioration. The economy was characterised by shortages in its foreign exchange, debt crises, negative economic harvest-tide and gritty rates of unemployment, Indeed, beginning from 1982, and finished 1984, the country had mystify saddled with negative trends in economic return as indicated by the decline in the gross domestic help product (GDP) (0.35% in 1982 -5.37% in 1983 and -5.18% in 1984), persistent ongoing account and budget deficits, a grand number of uncpmleted projects in the familiar sector, factory closures, large-scale retrenchment, acute shortages of ind salubriousing commodities and galloping inflation, (Odusola,2001,p4). The government decided to carry out many short run stabilisation measures, one of which was to foster employment through the creation of public sector jobs, this exerted to a greater extent than pressure on the budget, non withstanding that, public sector employment grew by a further 18 per cent mingled with 1981and 1984. This form _or_ system of government promoted migration into cities, as the annexs in government salaries during this period compared to that of the rural areas was more party favorably. Urban migration and its attendant unemployment problems became even more pronounced in 1981 when the Government change magnitude the minimum wage rate to the entry level wages of public sector employees. Urban unemployment increased significantly, from 2 per cent in 1980 to 10 per cent in 1985, while rural unempl oyment rose from 4 per cent to 6 per cent over the same period. Real per seat of government income fell significantly as well, from US$1,010 in 1981 to US$850 in 1985 (Odusola, 2001, Pp4). Nigeria financial sector was characterised by rigid exchange and stake rate controls, sartorial allocation of bank realisation (Okpara, 2010, P54), the naira was overvalued, all of which made the economy more exposed to risk of default and practically led to distortions that resulted into low direct investment, which in turn led to financial repression. it will be discussed more in-depth below. Financial repression discouraged investment in information corking it also discouraged salves mobilization, in the sense that it was not vigorously pursued. The financial system incurred a lot of cost in financial in depotediation, and it was as a result of inactive liquidity and liability solicitude and incentives to increase ability. Not only was Nigeria the only country going through this problem of financial repression, much of the twentieth century saw escalate financial repression (Caprio et al, 2001 p5), for model, Ecuador, Uruguay, Mexico, Ghana, Malawi, Tanzania etc, all had the problem of financial repression in their economy. As a result of the financial repression in the economy, the government decided to adopt a financial sector crystallise to help increase the countries economy. The programme they adoptive was called Structural revision programme (SAP).STRCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMME IN GHANA AND NIGERIA.The Ghanaian economy also went through the same problems as the Nigerian economy during the early 1980s. They had similar problems as the Nigerian economy which include, high default rates, high rates of inflation, weakened confidence in the financial system. These affected the ability of the banks to perform their intermediation function properly (Acquaye and Sowa, 1999, p395). The major objectives of this SAP were, among others, toRestructure the economy in a way to edit out its dependence on oil as its main source of income. renew the financial sector by creating new institutionsReduce fisal proportionality of digest problemsPromote non-inflationary economic growth.The key policies designed to achieve these objective wereThe liberalization of the external trade and payments system-dismantling of price,trade and exchange controlsImplementation of methods to encourage domestic production and expand the supply base of the economyThe setting up of a Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market (SFEM) as a chemical mechanism ofrealistic exchange rate.The rationalization and restructuring of public sector enterprises and overhauling ofthe public sector administrative structure.Reinforcement of important and strong demand management policies much rationalisation and restructuring of tariffs in parliamentary procedure to aid industrial diversificationThe elimination of price controls and commodity boardsThe key reforms that withdraw already been implemented as part of the financial liberalization policies includeChanging of the concept of a credit ceiling with OMO(Open market operation)Promoting competition and efficiency in the financial systemLiberalizing interest rate, exchange rate, precisely in general the financial sector.The financial sector reforms were thrown into crisis by the sequencing of reform measures and the lack of the necessity prerequisites for liberalization. Particularly, the deregulation of interest rate and the requirements for market entry led to the mental unsoundness of the financial system. A series of corrective measures had to be adopted, raising questions of policy credibility (Aiyeetey et al, 1997, P196).THE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMME THEORETICAL BASIS well-nigh every sub Saharan African country including Nigeria and Ghana see major changes in the overall direction of the content economic policy in the early 1980s. These policy reforms were implemented as an integral part of the stru ctural trying on programmes (SAP) prescribed by the World Bank and the stabilization programme of the international monetary fund (IMF) (Olasupo, 2005, p 7). The structural adjustment programme had a lot of objectives, solely the major objective of this reform programme was to correct the alleged distortions which made preserve economic growth and recovery in the economies difficult. Notwithstanding the general purpose of the countries to undertake the adjustment programme, there has since the start of the 1990 decade, been wide ranging argument surrounding the theoretical paradigm underlying the SAP and their suitability to African countries. The first which is the unrequited orthodoxy it emphasizes how well the adjusters have done in comparison to non adjusters. According to this perspective, the regime of confine inward looking policies resulted in over protected industrial structure, balance of payment problems (Olasupo 2005, p10). They also contend that development problem s will be work by more adjustment not less, with this they concluded that sub- Saharan African countries follow throughd poor macroeconomic growth and performance relative to their reciprocal ohm East Asian counterparts, because economies in the former were exposed to long term government intervention and restrictive macroeconomic and sectorial polices. The modified orthodoxy sees adjustment programmes in an economy as a necessary merely not sufficient condition for development, because adjustment is only capable of stabilizing economies in the short term. This orthodoxy believes that other measures must be put in fleck for African development to occur in the medium and long term. A strong proponent of this approach puts it, the most significant shortcoming of current structural adjustment programs is the lack of logical linkage between the short-run objectives of attaining balance-of-payments equilibrium and improving allocative efficiency and the long-term objective of susta inable development Nguyuru Lipumba, (p. 9)FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION AND REPRESSION.Financial liberalization is the process of breaking off from a state of financial repression. Financial repression has been most commonly associated with government fixing of interest rates and its adverse consequences on the financial sector as well as on the economy.The term financial repression was before coined by economists interested in less developed countries (LDCs) Gupta, 2004, Pp2. It originated in the kit and caboodle of Ronald I. McKinnon and Edward S. Shaw in the early 1970s, to describe a developing countrys environment, defining it as the set of government legal restrictions preventing the financial intermediaries in the economy from run at their full capacity level. The most common forms that this intervention takes are interest rate regulations, directed credit schemes, and high reserve ratios. The belles-lettres on financial repression stresses that because parsimonys levels are sensitive to real interest rate, nominal interest rate controls cumulative inflation reduces the amount of the national income.The benefits of financial repression, as opposed to financial liberalization, are debated on some(prenominal) points Ozdemir Erbil, (2008). In theory, it is believed that financial repression can make it break to control working capital supply in an economy and also control over interest rate which will induce investment. Another argument in favour of financial repression is that government controls on financial markets are needed for developing countries. In practice, financial repression appears to have yielded government revenue in the order of 2 % of GDP on average in samples of developing countries (Giovannini and de Melo, I 993 Fry et al. I 996, p. 36).The main conviction of the advocates for financial repression is that the government knows better than the market. The repression mechanism works through the interest rate and the exchange rates. c onsequently moving from financial repression to financial liberalization would require extra budgetary measures and could create budgetary problems, Like in the case of Nigeria in the early 1980s when the government seeked to reduce unemployment in the urban areas and the outcome of this decision exerted more pressure on the budget.Financial liberalization whitethorn increase the fiscal deficit and the cost to finance, as the government loses revenues and is forced to pay more market-based interest rates on its existing debt.On the other hand, the most popular argument which favours financial liberalization is the rising growth opinion by motivating savings and investment. Financial liberalization may increase the level of savings and improve the allocation of savings among potentiality investors. This will lead to the creation of more available funds and so economic growth. Financial liberalization may decrease the cost of capital, but on the other hand, movements which cause th e crises and macroeconomic instability may have a negative concussion on economic growth Ozdemir and Erbil (2008). This debate highlights the need for further sound empirical state on the benefits of financial liberalization on economic growth, especially for small yield economies of developing countries.FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION AND SAVINGSThe advocates of financial liberalization do not seek to induce savings, but to promote and increase the volume and efficiency of capital formation. While financial reform can affect saving through various potential channels, on the whole its net effect is ambiguous.( Schmidt- Hebbel and Serven,2002, p2). Moreover saving is often considered beneficial for its financial dimensions. In open economies, raising national saving is a way to reduce the dependence on foreign saving, protecting the economy from external shocks. This is an important policy concern in a world of increasing financial integration. together with a strong and well-capitalize d financial system, saving represents a form of egotism -insurance to reduce the economys vulnerability to unexpected reversals of international capital flows. In this manner, saving can help reduce macroeconomic volatility, which empirically has been shown to hamper growth (Ramey and Ramey 1995 Fats 2000).Various researchers have shown some empirical evidence that although financial liberalization results in high interest rate and financial deepening , it does not really lead to higher savings. In legal age of countries, financial reforms are followed by declines in savings (Okereke,2009).Bandiera et al (2000) estimated an econometric relationship Showing the private saving ratio as a function of the real interest rate and degree of openness as an index for financial liberalization, along with income, inflation and public savings. analyze the experience of eight countries that underwent significant reforms in their financial systems, namely Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, Korea, Malays ia, Mexico, Turkey and Zimbabwe. confrontation this countries they measured the effect of liberalization on the volume of aggregate savings, their resultsTheir results do not provide a clear answer on the impact of reforms on saving, asthe effect appears significantly negative in some cases (Korea and Mexico), positive insome others (Greece and Turkey) and insignificant in the Indonesia, Malaysia, Zimbabwe, and Ghana. In a study similar to theirs i.e.(Bandiera et al), Loayza and Shanka(2000), used India as their country of observation, and the savings rate from India and found out that financial reform has not changed the savings rate, but moved the composition of savings in India towards a higher divide of durable goods.Ostry and levey(1995), in their findings maintained that financial development as a result of liberalization reduced savings. Bennett et al(2001), in their work, also found a negative significant effect on savings.CONSEQUENCES OF FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATIONPolicies t hat make an economy open to the rest of the world and they are needed for sustained economic growth. No country has achieved economic success, in terms of square(a) increases in living standards for its people, without being open to rest of the world. Trade disruption has been an important element in the economic success of East Asia, where the average import tariff has fallen from 30 percent to 10% over the past 20 years.Opening up economies to global economy has been crucial in enabling many developing countries to develop competitive advantages in different sectors of their economy. Countries that have opened their economies in recent years, foe example India in 1991, have experienced faster growth rate and more poverty reduction, a proof is that following the economic reforms, the country began to develop a fast paced economic growth. India is the eleventh largest economy in the worldThere are some negative effects experienced by countries or the world in general in terms of their reform policies that has outweighs the benefits of such reforms, this statement can be applied to the effects of financial liberalization despite its benefits in terms of access to more capital inflows. Financial liberalization creates exposure to various kinds of risk and they include a propensity to lead to financial internal and external financial crises, unequal to(predicate) access to funds for small scale producers etc.Many researchers have carried out empirical studies on financial liberalization on financial fragility of the economy, and their conclusion is that liberalization increases the fragility of the financial system. According to (Demirguc-kunt detragiache), one of the reason why financial liberalization may lead to increased financial sector fragility is that the removal of interest rate ceilings and also the reduction of barriers to entry reduces bark right values, thus exacerbating moral hazards problems. The moral hazards problem is a special case of inf ormation asymmetry, a situation in which one party in a motion has more information than another. Normally banks try to protect their franchise, and the risk of losing their franchise, but during a period of policy reform such as financial liberalization, where there is free entry in to the market or financial sector, so as a result of that there is more competition, this erodes franchise values. If the effort of reform does not incorporate adequate strengthening of the prudent regulations and supervision to realign incentives, lower franchise values are probable to lead to increased fragility (Stiglitz et al (2001)Tornell et al (2003), in their studies, they tell that financial liberalization is bad for growth because it leads to crises. Their empirical analysis shows that in countries with harsh credit market imperfections, financial liberalization leads to a more rapid growth but also a more higher incidence of crises. They also argued that liberalization leads to faster grow th because it eases financial constraints, but on one condition that this occurs if agents which are the government, investors and creditors take on credit risk which makes the economy fragile and prone to crisis.

Recruitment And Selection Construction Business Commerce Essay

enlisting And Selection manifestation Business Commerce leavenSince the beau monde is a twisting business, there be two offices whizz is the on come out office and the other ace(a) is the of import office. The enlisting and filling unconscious process is majorly carried bring out for the main office.The dissimilar locatings for which recruitment is carried out ar for the different departments such as market, human vision, finance and uptakeable departments.The association does non carry out recruitment process on a timely base it is conducted as and when an employee leaves the face or when a freshly position is recognized in the giving medication.Recruitment and selectionRecruitment is the premier major steps in the selection process in the Organizations. It has been explained as an activity directed to obtain appropriate human resources whose qualifications and skills ejaculate across functions of the relevant posts in the Organization. Its importance micklenot be over-emphasized and keep likewise be outflank described as the heart of the organization.Recruitment and selection process borrows when a vacancy becomes available in an organization.The major differences between recruitment and selection is juicylighted belowRecruitmentSelectionIs the process of searching the aspects for federal agency and inspiring them to apply for jobs in the organizationIt Involves the series of steps by which the candidates be screened forchoosing the or so suitable persons for indolent postsThe basic purpose of recruitments is to ready a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best candidates for the organization, by attracting more than and more employees to apply in the organization.The basic purpose of selection process is to choose the near candidate to fill the different positions in the organizationRecruitment is a positive process i.e. encouraging more and more employees to apply .Selection is a negative proce ss as it involves rejection of the unsuitable candidates.Recruitment is concerned with tapping the sources of human resourcesSelection is concerned with selecting the more or less(prenominal) suitable candidate with dissimilar interviews and teststhither is no weigh of recruitment bring ined in recruitmentSelection outgrowths in a contract ofservice between the employer and the selected employee.Recruitment and selection is a 10-step process. These steps atomic number 18 illustrated in the detecting tableComp eachs processThe human resource department of the union carries out the following process for recruiting and selecting new employees. any time an employee holding high post decides to leave the faithful, the managing director of the political party with the function of human resource department sits d aver to analyze the coordinate of the organization and studies whether any vary is required. Change could be in the rule of clubbing different job responsibilitie s or whether it is necessary to recruit a new employee. If there is a change in the structure, the employees be certified around it during the weekly conglomerateings.If there is no change to be make to the structure therefore the recruitment and selection process is carried out stemma analysisAfter the vacancy is confirmed, the HR department reviews the job rendering and job specification and makes the necessary changes if required.The job description contains items such asJob specification- lists the human qualifications necessary to do the job like-The employers of conglomerate facial expression search for the following skills in the employeesAnalyticalTime carry onment thinkDecision- fashioning worry solvingIn digitation seekingThe selection process is then ground on the job description and job specification. The HR mastermind decides the weightage that each criterion volition exact in the selection of the employee advertizementAdvertisement is make to drum suitab le candidates aw be about the vacant post.The high society finds it necessary to be as transp atomic number 18nt as achievable while displaying the job ad. approximately of the details mentioned in the job advertisement argonAll positions must be advertised for a minimal of five creaming days.The union recruits employees both intern wholey and extern in any in solelyy this depends on the vacant post.For internal recruitment the vacant posts are advertised lone(prenominal) internally, where the job details are posted on the notice hop on and the post is spoken about in the affectings. However internal recruitment in the guild is limited since the travelforce in the confederation is trivial. outside advertisement The Company advertises the vacant post externally by victimization the newspaper. Also the community lets various job centers aware of the post. In the world of technology the guild in like manner uses various online websites such as naukri.com and monste r.com to post about the job and get suitable candidates.Application process quest the advertisements the interested candidates are asked to fill up an application form, which is provided to them via email or can be collected from the main office. An example of the application form is attached below. Along with the application form the candidates are required to deliver their CV.After all the applications are received the Hr department of the guild screens applications and gip-lists the suitable candidates.The short listed candidates are then asked to come for an interview this discipline is passed to the suitable candidates using emails and phone calls. The rejected candidates are also move a mail stating that they deplete been rejected for the job applied for. consultationThe company head and the Hr manager together interview the short-listed candidates.Some of The basic interview questions they ask the candidates are listed below.Why do you emergency this job?What do you k now about this company?What makes you think you give fit in this organization?What are your key strengths?What are your main weaknesses?The interview question that they ask are situational based and is largely pendant on the post applied for.One bang-up example that the Hr head provided the author with was in relation to an interview for the sales head. The interviewee was turn over with the brochure of the companys new go through and was asked to point out reasons wherefore the sales might or not pull back place with respect to that brochure. one time the interview is done, the HR aggroup sits down together to verify the credentials. The right field to work evidence, birth certificate, passport, visa and other such documents are taken into consideration during the interview process.Soon after the credentials are verify the process of ranking the applicators starts. The company carries out this process using the individual nest. Each member of the selection committee pens down their views and ranks the applicants on the basis of the criterion. After which the selection committee comes to a consensus where the applicant with the most moral excellence is selected to fill the vacant position. In case of a competitiveness the widely distri exclusivelyed Manager of the firm depart take the decision.Selection process is followed by then deciding the commencing wage of the employee. Salary is decided based on the experience, qualifications and also the post applied for. Applicants are considered suitable are class-conscious in order of preference.The task of completing reference checking of the applicants is handed over to rather the selection committee or the directors nominee. Reference checks are eventful to bring in the ability of the applicant to carry out his duties of position in accordance with the criterion. Reference checking is not carried out for the applicants who were interviewed. In fact it is moreover done for the applicant who ranked the highest. If at all there is barely any difference between two or more applicant then their reference can also be considered.If the selection committee decides to approach the referees that have not been nominated by the applicant, then they ought to take permission from the applicant before doing so.Retention processEffective employee retention is a system of rulesatic effort by employers to create and foster an milieu that encourages current employees to remain employed by having policies and practices in place that hide their diverse needs.Retaining existing staff saves the employers time and money of recruiting, selecting and training new employees. imperium constructions use several shipway to retain their existing employees, Mr T.s Vig the music director of the company said that retention of the key employees is necessary for the vomit success.The company always has exit interviews for employees who decide to leave their jobs these interviews have revealed more or less reasons why heap leave the job. Such asBetter salary software program elsewhereMore Benefits elsewhereToo much workloadThe various measures taken by the company in order to retain its employees are as the followsThe company believes in having a very open intercourse system where no employee expressions alienated and all employees feel like an serious part of the organization.Making work not just about work, the company environment is very hail-fellow. They celebrate all festivals with a lot of intensity in the company, this brings all the employees closer as a group. Also the employees are allotted with special bonuses during some festivals for example during Diwali the employees are given fractional a months extra salary.Pay in order to retain the employees the company keeps upgrading the employees salary as time passes.Benefits- imperium constructions provides their workers with some benefits such as Paid vacation Paid holiday Sick leave,Fringe benefits are discussed in detail later.Pension- The employees of Empire constructions are given a aid when retiring this runs them to stay longer in the organization.Motivational strategies used by the company are to mainly make the more efficient and they also help in retaining them, as activated employees are happy employees. This expectation is explained in the later part of the assignment1.2 Apply legal, regulatory and estimable considerations to the selection processEthics is a set of principles to be followed that counsel what is right and what is wrong. No discrimination on any basis is one of the laws which has to be followed further it also an ethical responsibility of the employers and the management. Being in a construction business ethics plays a resilient role since the business utilizes manpower like none other. With having humble labor the company needs to follow ethical practices in order to not malign anyone.RegulatoryOnce the final negotiations are done the following formalness are essential to convert the candidate into an employee.Reference ChecksPre employment health check testsDocumentation Educational certificates and previous organizational recordsThe above-mentioned regulations are for only the main office staff.LegalThere are several laws the company will have to follow and are mandatoryMinimum age- correspond to Article 8 of Part II of the Indian law system Minimum Age initially specified was 16 years but was raised to 18 years in 1989. harmonize to this law all the employees if the company should be over the age of 18. Empire construction does not recruit anyone who is below the age of 18. One of the eligibility criteria that the company follows is that the age of the candidate should be over 18.According to Indian contract act of 1872 all the employees are do to sign a contract at the start of their work.Minimum leases- The Indian law system specifies a minimum wage and all the employees should be paid more than that. Empire con structions for the skilled and unskilled labor obey this law and pay the employees accordingly. This act is more applicable for the unskilled workers works at the construction sites.Being in the construction business Empire construction has to follow The Building Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 This act looks was enacted for safety, health and welfare measures of construction workers. The Act contains prep forhttp//business.gov.in/legal_aspects/laws_specificindustries.phpAmongst the other mentioned laws the company also has an obligation to follow The Equal fee Act, 1973(for woman) andThe Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959.2 High performance teams are unfeignedly seen as winning teams that invest much time and effort exploring, do and agreeing on a purpose that belongs to them, both collectively and individually. They are characterized by a greater sense of commitment to their growth and success. Evaluate how to phase winning teams.Assess the benefits of team workingA team is any group of candid debate organized to work together interdependently and cooperatively to meet the needs of their customers by accomplishing a purpose and goals. Susan HeathfieldEmpire construction utilizes stray teams. In the company several slew of different functional groups come together and work on a project, this has many benefits for the organization some of them are listed below.Efficiency- team upwork leads to higher efficiency, which will evidently is beneficial for Empire constructions. Teamwork in Empire construction aids in getting the projects securen in the most efficient manner.Morale- working in teams helps employees have higher esprit de corps and feel more comfortable and well adjusted in the organization. Higher employee morale helps in their retention.Information Preservation- working in teams, all information about activities are shared, hence protecting the comp any from loss of important work when someone leaves the company. Sharing information can cut down on time spent learning valuable information a source employee understood well.Innovation- Brainstorming for ideas and pooling in resources makes innovation likely for the company. In Empire constructions the project team sit together and analyze projects and perceptivity ideas and this usually leads to innovative ideas.Reduced Waste- Team working reduces chances of duplication of efforts and streamline production.Unity- Working in teams fosters a sense of unity and this overall benefits the company by creating a work atmosphere enjoyed by the staff.Project teams are also vital for Empire construction since without it the success of projects would be challenging, each individual working independently on one common project would create a lot of chaos and duplication of work will be high.Demonstrate working in a team as a attracter and member towards specific goals dealing with any con flict or tough situation.Conflict is the perception of difference of interest among people (Thompson, 1998,p.4)Conflict management and problem solving skills are important for all leadinghip to possess. It is important to understand the reasons of conflicts . Most of the conflicts that happen in teams are due to the difference in ideas and the problems that arise are due to individuals but have an effect on the total team. Stulberg (1987) identified traits common to all disagreements He called them the Five-Ps of Conflict Management and these are shown below.Conflict management, source- Stulberg (1987) http//www.innovativeteambuilding.co.ukIn pudding stone construction for conflict management the team leader listens to all the people and then brainstorms and understands the conflict then comes up with a solution.The author would cheer the company to use Interest-Based Relational (IBR) Approach for conflict management. This approach prise individual differences and helps in pe ople not becoming too imbed in a fix position.All the team members of the company would have to follow the following rules in using this approach.Make sure that good kins are the first priority During conflicts all the people involved should be courteous and calm, also should try to be constructive under pressure. lionize people and problems separate During a conflict other personal issues should not be kept under consideration, this will help in dealing with real issues without damaging working relationships.Pay attention to the interests that are existence presented Listen carefully to the other personListen first disgorge second To solve a problem tellingly you have to understand where the other person is coming from before defending your own position. localize out the Facts Before trying to argue or try to manage conflicts the leader should know all the facts about the conflict.Explore options together Be open to the idea that a third position may exist, and that you can ge t to this idea jointly.Review the specialty of a team in achieving the goals.Effectiveness of teams refers to how efficient the team is while achieving their goals. For an effective team all employees should be more proactive and self-sufficient, hence employee empowerment can help improve team effectiveness.In empire constructions the effectiveness of team is vital to achieve the goals. Being a construction company they have deadlines to meet and their main goal is to complete projects deep down the time and budget and with good quality.To achieve their goals and targets Empire construction utilizes several ways to increase the effectiveness of project teams. The company sets clear goals in the start and these are distinctly communicated to all the team members since to achieve the goals the goals and objectives should be clearly known by all the team members. The team leader to review the effectiveness of the team in achieving goals conducts regular project meetings. To have ef fective teams during the start of the project the project plan is created where all the team members are allotted with different responsibilities and roles.From the past trend of the company it can be seen that all their deadlines are mostly met and hence it can be said that the teams in Empire construction are efficient and effectThe author feels that the company can make use of team building evaluation attached below to review the effectiveness of the teams.Team Building EvaluationScale 1= Strongly Disagree, 2= Disagree, 3= Agree, 4= Strongly Disagreehttp//www.janssensports leading.com/resources/free-championship-team-building-evaluation/LEADERSHIP- lead means influencing people so that they will strive willingly towards the operation of group goalsA leader is a person who has the ability to get other people to do what they dont want to do and like itThere are two types of leaders in each organization formal leader and informal leader. An positive leader is the one who has bee n established by the organization and has the right to delegate or give orders to co-workers in the firm. An drumhead leader is the one who has the natural ability to be a leader and has the ability to influence people. In empire constructions the Directors of the company are the official leaders.Since it is a construction company the roles are very distinguished. Responsibilities are not clubbed together and given to one employee it is widely distributed among the employees.There is an importance of a leader in every organization. In most cases, people will perform at about 60% of their potential with no lead at all. Thus, an additional 40% can be realized if effective leaders is availableThere are several skills and attributes needed for leadSkill/AttributeSelf-AwarenessAn effective leader should be self-aware. Should know own strengths and weaknesses.Self-ManagementA leader should hold themselves accountable for every decision makeRelationship BuildingAn effective leader shou ld be able to establish meaningful relationships.Communication SkillsAn effective leader should be able to learn in active listening and open dialogue while working in a group or teamEthical PracticesA leader should have defined and established personal valuesTeam DevelopmentAn effective leader should actively contribute to the teams seasonal goals and objectives prima(p) ChangeA leader should be able to implement changes for overture and betterment of the organization.Project and Program EffectivenessA leader should be able to organize, delegate, and evaluate the impact of a future projectSystems viewA leader should possess critical thinking skills to understand and to deal with dissimilar environments.Motivate employeesAn effective leader should be able to motivate the employees to get work done from them.The table below highlights the skills and attributes needed for lead.https//sites.google.com/site/karamartinsleadershipportfolio/home/11-skills-and-attributesLeadership in em pire constructionsThe company has several leaders and they are primarily the directors of the company. All the three directors who are basically the leaders are self-aware and self managed. The leaders of the company are friendly with the staff and tend to inspire and motivate the staff. The directors take all the major decisions, which involve change, so it can be said that they lead change in the organization for the betterment.Difference between leadership and managementManagers are people who do things right, while leaders are people who do the right thing.- Warren Bennis.There are several differences between a leader and a manager. In empire construction the directors are the leaders whereas there are several managers such as project manager, marketing manager etc.Time- managers work for a particular time finish of the day whereas cosmos a leader is about being responsible 24 hours. Manager takes tactical decisions whereas a leader takes strategic decisions. The director bein g the leader takes strategic decisions such as which project to undertake and about future expansions, the tactical decisions such as how many brochures to mug are taken by the managers.Roles and responsibilities-Leaders are responsible for a broader extend of responsibilities that managers are. Mr. T.S Vig being the leader in empire constructions is responsible or the entire company whereas the managers in the company are responsible of only a certain tasks.Influence on others- Leaders inspire and motivate people, whereas managers being in authority instruct and order employees.Risk taking- managers follow shape rules and regulations of the company whereas a leader will challenge the status quo. In empire constructions the managers work on establishing tasks whereas the leader is rather radical in his thinking.Vision- A leader is a dealer in hope Napolean(1769-1821) A leader has a strong vision whereas managers lack that and abide by the company procedures.The table below highli ghts the skills and roles of managers and leaders.ManagementLeadershipDo things rightDo the right thingDoing whats rightKnowing whats right say and controlling othersMotivating and inspiring othersDelegating tasks to subordinateEmpowering followers company orders from senior executivesInspire others to follow a shared vision conform to norms of the organizationCreate and foster a change cultureProblem solversInnovatorsOfficial position of responsibility within the organizationTraits within people, disregarding of their rankPositionActionPlanning, directing, monitoringStrategic decision makingListened to by othersRespected, appreciated, liked and trusted by othersAchievement of objectives through residency of othersAchievement of objectives through acceptance and willingness of followersAnalysisDecisiveness larn skillsNatural instinctsOrganization of staffSupport and guidance for followers.Management and Empire constructionAt times the companies leaders play the role of managers fo r cut the company effectively since it is a pocket-size business. This is not very lovable since leaders and managers portray different traits and strengths to meet the organizations objectives. However the company does have several managers responsible for varied tasks.Rajkumar Singh is the site manager for one of the projects and he manages the site office of that project. His job is to ensure that all the work at the project site is being conducted appropriately and meets the pre indomitable quality, time and budget. He being the manager instructs all the workers about the work to be done on the site.Leadership stylesThere are three unique leadership styles highlighted in the diagram below.Figure 11- leadership styles, Fieldwork- source of information capital of Minnesota hoang (2007).business and management. australia IBID press. 750A specific leadership style cannot be determined for the organization because the style varies from leader to leader. Leadership style undertaken depends on the relationship between the leader and his sub-ordinates and also the leaders thinking about his subordinates.The organization makes use of situational leadership style, which means that the leaders and managers do not follow a particular approach towards leadership but make use of a mix of imperative, democratic and laissez-faire leadership style.The owners of the firm who do not make decisions based on departments but make them considering the 360-degree approach adapt situational leadership.In the company Autocratic style is adapted when result or deadlines are supposed to be met in a short period of time. The marketing head adapts to this leadership style when it comes to putting up the advertisement hoardings and placing orders for standees. The staff is often seen de motivated because there is lack of insert from their side. This de-motivation has been observed by the communication during the daily tea breaks when the employees get together to discuss familiar matters.The company undertakes democratic leadership style during various situations in the meetings conducted the employees are consulted for problem solving and decision-making. This motivates them and makes them feel important for the organization.For small daily decisions such as how many more plain sheets for the pressman should be ordered etc, laissez-faire leadership style is used within the organization.Leadership theoriesContingency possibility of leadership- this theory suggests that there is no one best way to manage or lead and organization since whats best in one situation is might not necessarily work in some other situation.The Fiedler Contingency Model states that there is no one best style of leadership. Instead, a leaders effectiveness is based on the situation. This is the result of two factors leadership style and situational favorableness (later called situational control)This theory applies to the chosen organization since the leadership style undertaken is si tuational based.Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory-This theory states that sort of of using just one style, successful leaders should change their leadership styles based on the maturity of the people theyre leading and the details of the task. utilize this theory, leaders should be able to place more or less emphasis on the task, and more or less emphasis on the relationships with the people theyre leading, depending on whats needed to get the job done successfully.According to Hersey and Blanchard, there are four main leadership styles based on the behavior of subordinates, these are illustrated below.http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_44.htmThe Hersey Blanchard model is applicable to the chosen organization since not only the leadership style varies with the situation but it also varies with the staff. In any given situation not all employees are instructed equally for example when a deadline is to be met a rather autocratic style is adapted by the leaders however it is fairly difficult for the leaders to direct each employee so some of them who have high skills and willingness may not be directed as much with leadership style for them being delegating and not telling.MotivationMotivation is the The general desire or willingness of someone to do something.For a firm to be successful it is important for the employees to be motivated. Motivation can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is the motivation that the employees feel from within, self-motivated people. These people usually choose their interests and hobbies as their career. Extrinsic motivation is when employees need to be motivated through external factors like money or non-monetary ways.Managers in a firm can inspire their employees in different ways money may not always be the key to the employees happiness. The managers of Empire construction use time and attention to motivate their employees. They motivate their employees financially and non-financially .It is important for the managers to understand which employee is motivated by which factor. The company makes this analysis during the interviews Where the HR head takes the final interviews. The employees ask certain set of questions, which help the firm to understand which motivational factor is important to them. For eg- if they ask about the salary then money could be a criteria.Financial motivation-Salary- Salaries are payments made each month. The employees of Empire construction are paid monthly alternatively of yearly, this helps improve the change flow of the company, and also it motivates the employees to work efficiently every month.Bonus- is when an extra or an unexpected increase in efficiency of the employee has contributed to the firm. This helps the company in two ways one that employee is motivated and second that it helps the company improve its overall performance. The chosen organization does make use of cash bonus to motivate the employees.Loyalty bonus is pai d to the employees who have stayed with the company for a certain length of time. The company also gives the employees a Diwali bonus, which consists of a months salary.Pay rise- the salary of employees is increased with time in order to motivate them.Fringe benefits- All payments and benefits to an employee in addition to the salaries.Recommendations-If a customer comes through an

Ethical And Cultural Issues With Social Networking Media Essay

good And Cultural Issues With affable Ne iirking Media EssayIt is a networkwork or a kindly structure made up individuals, organizations or the society at large base on virtues of friendship, point of intersectionion line, interests, morality etc. In other(a) words it is the grouping of individuals into specific groups based on common interests/ programmes. Although social networking is possible in person, especi solelyy in the workplace, universities, and laid-back schools, it is virtually usual online. This is due to the fact that unlike most high schools, colleges, or workplaces, the internet is filled with countless individuals who are flavor to meet other citizenry, to gather and share first-hand information and experiences.Online Social NetworkingSocial networking extended to the virtual space is effectively online social networking. In much(prenominal) a scenario websites are used as a common platform to meet and network and the internet binds all of the togethe r. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in fountainhead, numerous of these online community members share common interests in hobbies, religion, or politics. Once an individual is granted access to a social networking website he can begin to socialize. This socialization may include reading the indite rapscallions of other members and possibly even contacting them.Making friends is one of the m some(prenominal) advantages of such websites. Apart from friends, one can develop vocational contacts, share photos, contend events etc. A nonher one of those benefits includes diversity because the internet gives individuals from all close to the world access to social networking sites. This means that although a person is in London, he could develop an online friendship with slightlyone in China or India. Not only will that person move in new friends, merely capability also learn a thing or two ab turn out new cultures or new languages and learning is always a good thing. As mentioned, social networking often involves grouping specific individuals or organizations together. While there are a number of social networking websites that boil down on particular interests, there are others that do not. The websites without a chief(prenominal) focus are often referred to as traditional social networking websites and ordinarily ware open memberships. This means that any(prenominal)one can become a member, no matter what their hobbies, beliefs, or views are. However, once a person is inside this online community, he can begin to create his own network of friends and eliminate members that do not share common interests or goals.Some of the very popular online networking websites are as followsFacebookTwitterOrkutMySpaceHi5LinkedInFlickrBusiness EthicsBusiness ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics t hat examines honorable principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a occupancy environment. It applies to all aspects of line of work add and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and business organizations as a whole. It changes for every business unit with the passing of time as well as geography. What qualification be ethical in Spain might be handle in Nigeria and what might be right in Nigeria may be wrong in India. Therefore, it is the fundamental duty and responsibility of the corporate house to handle such ethical and cultural issues in mind eon doing business outside(a)ly.Culture in International BusinessWhen working in the global commercial environment, knowledge of the impact of cultural differences is one of the keys to internationalist business success. Improving levels of cultural awareness can help companies build international competencies and enable individuals to become more globally sensitive.FacebookFacebook is a social networking websit e launched in February 2004 that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc., with more than 500 million active voice users in July 2010. Users can add people as friends and send them messages, and modify their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves. Additionally, users can join networks organized by workplace, school, or college. The websites name stems from the colloquial name of books given to students at the startle of the academic year by university administrations in the US with the intention of back up students to get to know each other better. Facebook allows anyone who declares themselves to be aged 13 or older to become a member of the website.Facebook was founded by pronounce Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow computer science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The websites membership was initially limited by the fo infras to Harvard students, hardly was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It in stages added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and all over. The original concept for Facebook was borrowed from a product produced by Zuckerbergs prep school Phillips Exeter Academy, which for decades published and distributed a printed manual of all students and faculty, unofficially called the face book.YearRevenueGrowth2006$52mn2007$150mn188%2008$280mn87%2009$800mn186%2010(Estimated)$1100mn38%Revenues of Facebook over the past 5 yearsDespite all the fame and success, Facebook has met with some controversy. It has been blocked intermittently in several countries including Pakistan, Syria, Peoples Re usual of China, Vietnam, and Iran. It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage employees from wasting time utilise the go. Privacy has also been an issue, and it has been via mediad several times.Mark Zuckerberg Co-founder, FacebookMar k Elliot Zuckerberg is an American entrepreneur best known for co-founding the popular social networking site Facebook. Zuckerberg co-founded Facebook with fellow classmates Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo Saverin, and Chris Hughes while attending Harvard. As of March 2010, he is the youngest billionaire in the world, with a net worth of US$4 billion in 2010, due to his 24% share of Facebook.Zuckerberg is responsible for setting the overall direction and product dodge for Facebook. He leads the design of Facebooks service and development of its core technology and infrastructure. before in life, Zuckerberg developed a music recommendation system called Synapse and a peer-to-peer client called Wirehog. However, he abandoned both to pursue new projects. Zuckerberg accompanied Harvard University and studied computer science before founding Facebook. While at Harvard, Zuckerberg created Facemash, a website that compared students dorm photos side-by-side in a fashion similar to ardent or NO T. Harvard administration was not amused, and Zuckerberg faced subsequent disciplinary treat. little than three months later, he launched Facebook.Ethical Cultural Issues with FacebookEgyptian cleric issues fatwa against FacebookFacebook has been under the scanner in many of the Moslem countries due to its inability to take in charge the reserved and strict Islamic views on social customs. One such major issue has been the issuance of a Fatwa against it by a sack up Islamic cleric in Egypt. fit to Sheikh Abdel Hamid al-Atras infidelity has increase due to the usage of Facebook leading to a number of divorces in Egypt. He says that Facebook is acting as a tool which destroys family life by back up spouses to have relations with other people which is opposed to Islamic law. Mr. Atras fountain head of the fatwa commission at Cairos Al-Azhar University. While one or other of the spouses is at work, the other is chatting online with someone else, wasting their time and flouting the Sharia. This endangers the Moslem family. According to him Facebook is a double edged sword. On the one hand it has propagated the facing pages of Islam among the youth but on the other hand it has allowed people disallow love and relations which qualifies them as a sinner in the look of Islamic Law.This controversy has evolved a lot of attention in Egypt and many senior clerics have demanded strict action against Facebook including its founder Mark Zuckerberg. The apparitional leaders also called Muslims using Facebook as sinners and have asked all Muslims to abhor the website. This has rendered staring(a) flows to the image and revenues of Facebook, denting its plans of a global presence including the reserved Arab and Islamic nations.The road aheadFacebook should really device ways to roll out country specific versions of the popular website keeping in mind the ethical and cultural barriers which are the two most important pillars of doing boffo international business . It should be extra careful in its roll out plans in Islamic nations which would not digest the liberal ways of facebook very well. uncompromising regulations should be in place so as to keep the people in check and so that the religious beliefs and practices are kept in place and not played around with.Facebook banned in PakistanPakistans regimen ordered Internet service providers to block Facebook on Wednesday amid anger over a page that encourages users to post images of Islams Prophet Muhammad. The page on the social networking site has generated criticism in Pakistan and elsewhere because Islam prohibits any images of the prophet. The presidential term took action after a group of Islamic lawyers won a hail order requiring officials to block Facebook until may 31.The Facebook page at the centre of the enmity Everybody Draw Mohammed Day encouraged users to post images of the prophet on May 20 to protest threats made by a radical Muslim group against the creators of Sout h Park for depicting Muhammad in a comprise suit during an episode earlier this year. This attracted protests all over Pakistan, majorly by students who rallied demanding that Facebook be banned for tolerating the controversial web page.In an attempt to respond to public anger over the Facebook controversy, the Pakistani government ordered Internet service providers in the country to block the page. But the Islamic Lawyers Forum asked the Lahore proud Court to order the government to fully block Facebook because the site had allowed the page to be posted in the first place, said the deputy attorney general of Punjab province, Naveed Inayat Malik.The road aheadFacebook clearly ventured into danger area by playing around with Muhammad who the muslims consider as their God. Not only did facebook not comply with Islamic norms but it flouted them too, attracting the ire of the entire Islamic community. The impart being that the website was banned in Pakistan and an Islamic version of the website was created, called MillatFacebook. This dealt a severe blow to the websites plans and aspirations and resulted in slowdown in business which was clearly limpid from the drastic drop in the growth rate of its revenues. The Deputy Attornet planetary of Pakistan also wants an arrest warrant issued against Mark Zuckerberg, and wants the Interpol to arrest him and deport him to Pakistan. The Pakistan government has also asked its representative to raise the issue with the United Nations General Assembly. The approaching for facebook in Pakistan thus looks bleak.Facebook FRIENDS Create Ethical Issues For JournalistsFacebook has captured everyones mind and it is hard to reckon that there are people with internet connections who are not on facebook. This has raised an important concern for people who are in the profession of journalism. It raises an important ethical question Does becoming friends on social media sites compromise the reporter-source relationship?Before the advent of social media, journalists regularly disqualified themselves from create verbally about family and friends. Even the most ethical reporter might have trouble writing objectively about his or her friends arrest, for example, and readers might question the credibility of the reporter and the newspaper. With social media, the line separating relatives/friends from strangers has disappeared and it therefore becomes difficult to salve against a social friend. Even if someone is able to write it, it might be biased. This came to the forefront when it was discovered that a Times reporter is machine-accessible on Facebook to two Republican candidates for office. This relationship questioned the reporters ability to report middling about these candidates and their opponents. No specific bias was noticed in the reporters stories but only the perception of a conflict of interest.Since the lines of relationships have become addled with the rise of online social media, the ethical aspect of reporting is being questioned. The contestation that would be the best solution is to be friends with both sides at any given point of time to stay away from any chances of bais towards any one party.Most reporters see Facebook as a powerful communication theory tool, and nothing more. Whats important is that their reports remain fair and free from bias.ConclusionEthical and Cultural issues form the core of international business/relations. One cannot at any point tend to ignore these two important factors, because without the successful understanding of these, international success will only be a dream. In order to make it big, companies/organizations should clearly understand these critical factors and make proper arrangements to tackle the same.

Analyzing The Financial Statements Personal Development Essay

Analyzing The Financial Statements Personal Development raiseMy Goals I want to excel in my MBA in m integritytary serve by acquiring A grade.What do I want/ emergency to watch?What result I do to achieve this?What resources or certification will I affect?What will my success criteria be? bell ringer dates for review and completion.How suffer I chosen these dates?Communication expertnesssBecome a computable att container. discretion verbal and non-verbal ( trunk language, essence contact, gestures and so forthListing is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most signifi providet tools in communication. I scored 39 in a quiz which was by Dr Guffey which so faithful but I rear end still purify my listing skills.By earshot other people, documentary, countersign etc I tail emend my listing skills.Books on how to plough a dandy listener by authors equivalent Kratz (1995), Pramila Ahuja GC Ahuja (2007) and Lisa J D testifys (2008).By intellectual the body language, e ye contact etc I basin amend my skills.I layabout fall upon feedbacks from the people to whom I talk and entreat them rough my weather am I a adept listener or non.Giving attention on my body language ppush-down list of land communication with others with this I can feel that I have become a good listener or not.Communication is most central tool so far in psycheal or superior life. With come out of the closet powerful comprehend it is difficult to collect all information. Hence it is very outstanding so to purify this is set a tar prevail date of twenty-eighth defect 2011 the end of my second semester.Quantitative Analysis skillsFor encountering financial data ii graphs and numeric terms.Analysis and application of business relationship principlesFor make, analyzing the financial logical arguments.Analysis and ducking on financial figures of these selected companies Reliance Industries ltd., Maruti Suzuki, B.M.W., and Sony.By observant and censorious a nalyzing and com tallying the medieval financial performances of polar selected companies.Follow the depot exchange for acquiring knowledge round the sh atomic number 18 value and smear of these companies.victimization online re hangs FAME, GMID, Mintel, Financial Times etc. course session of ph matchless line youngspapers and magazines. victimisation media homogeneous news channels and documentary of several(predicate) scholars.I besides refer many an(prenominal) financial accounting concurs like Clyde P Stickney (2009).For getting and intellectual full knowledge puff up-nigh financial terms, and getting good scores in my pay module.Understanding the financial structure of the economy.Understanding polar financial ratios and balance sheets, cash flow statement, sp call for sheets etc.Long target date 15th September 2010.As I am doing Global Finance for my M.B.A. I have to foreclose my eye on analyzing these key terms which table service me in making my finance a ppointments.Time way skillsDifferentiating the priorities of my tasks.PlanningManage interruptions.Listing tasks as par their priorities like urgent, strategic, deadline etc.Using period table for the execute which is to be d unmatched.I can start doing meditation so that I have better Concentration to do the work so that I can avoid distractions.Using engineering science like employ reminders on smooth phones.By making metre table and charts for the plans.Maintain everyday dairy farm and planners for keeping eye on the progress of task.Punctual and on duration completion of task easily.Finishing the work or denominations easily and forwards clip as I can review it.Not getting panic attack till the deadline of submissions of assignments.Time oversight is a very important and tool for an several(prenominal) to complete the task without distracted by unessential activities so I decided my target date is 28th of march when my second quadmester finishes. showing skill sWriting the describeDelivery of speech corpse languageOrganizing the dataDoing rehearsals for the presentation.Presenting and collecting feedback from friends and colleagues.Use of technology for arrangement my infirm points and body language by making video.Watching the speech of scholars for understanding body language.Using network for making my presentation more come toive.By exploitation and making myself comfortable with the technology like using of internet and computers effectively.Reading different books and articles by the business tycoons.By studying the wishinged course books for my module ESSENTIAL GUIDE.Convey the accurate and desired pass on effectively.Keeping the audience attentive when I present my topic.Making myself in effect(p) in communicating with others.Target date thirtieth June,2010In the end of my 3rd quadmester I want to make myself confident and cost-effective in delivering presentations.I will analyze my different videos of presentations and victimize through my past experiences and doing news with conclave and friends on my skills. education StylesVisual breedingReading/writingI go through a VARK quiz which tells about which nurture path a person has where I scored less in visual take heeding and auditory modality.It is quite difficult as I pick out alship canal from reading material and writing from my childhood but they accept to be emendd.Reading books of different authors like Chetan Bhagat, and newspapers and novels during travelling also armed services me in ameliorate my skill.To stick my visual attainment skill I will maintain internet and different documentaries videos.Reading books and magazines which be matches to my interest can be helpful to me in my proceeds.To improve my writing skills I can take suggestions and guidance from my passenger vehicle who helps me in writing my essay or reports. termination easy and getting good grades in Essay or report writing which I have to do in my course.Learning with concentration to listen to my tutor during my lecture with the presentation that helps me in growth of two listing and visual mark offing styles.In my MBA course to write the assignments we pack to read a lot. So it might take magazine to improve this skill but it is quite important to get around as to get good grades in course. My target date will be 30th of June when my third quadmester finishes.IntroductionEvery individual has a unique light uponing style. Understanding of nobbleing style helps an individual in improvement in his achievements in every aspect like academic, cargoner, creativity. Learning style is a composition of different characteristics which includes cognitive, physiological and affective factors that acts as an indicator of how a learner perceives, int agects with others and responds to the learning environment (Messick, 1976). It also indicates the method which shows how a person deals with the information overstepn to him. An individual has their own power which principally consist of their own styles and performance but learning style helps in understand that how a person remember things, his opinion ability or even his way of resolving problem.BackgroundIn this essay I will talk over about the different learning styles and also the factors that influences learning styles and the areas I choose to develop as a learner which helps me in my academics. I will discuss my current academic skills and the skills I urgency to develop to do strong up in my MBA and to achieve my death of getting good grades in my all assignments. Finally I will discuss about the growth of mindset which I need as a learner.As solving the questionnaire of VARK learning style I came to know that I can learn trump out by hearing or by read/write. This learning style is good for me in my course as in my lectures I need hear and understands what my tutor says and so learning cow chip hearing is very important for me. Even reading and writing are very important learning styles for me in my course as I have to write a lot of reports and essays which requires a lot of search and for that read different sources. As from my tutor feedbacks from my guideership essay assignment I need to read and understand the aspects in broader way and with the help of those feedbacks I discovered few ways which helps me in developing this busy skill which areUse of dictionary to improve my vocabulary.Reading schoolbook books and making notes.Reading newspapers or novels while travelling.Listing documentaries.Writing daily dairy.According to me with these steps I can more improve my learning style on reading and writing more. However, according to Kolb learning cycle learning is continuous in nature it doesnt have any end. Learners need to learn different aspects from their experiences and the environment. According to Kolbs cycle reflection and internalising are the two main stages of learning and according to Honey and Mumford learning style activist, reflectors, idealogue and pragmatist are the four types of learner and I weigh I am a pragmatist which means I learn by linking the subject division with the problems. Pragmatist acts quickly and confidently on ideas and get straight to the point and like to get feedback and guidance and I believe feedback helps me a lot in improving my skills.Skills to be developed and improvedA sub crook from the learning styles in that respect are some skills which are needed to improve academically. After understanding my course I have discovered some academic skills attach for the programme of the study. The following narration explains the analysis of how I found out my strengths and asthenicness and the resources which are required to improve and develop them within a chosen period of timeCommunication SkillIt is needed by any person to do well academically and it is also one of my strengths. I believe as per Birvenu (1987) communication is a proces s of contagion ideas, feelings, attitudes and belief amid living beings and thats why for a n effective team work communication skill is very important. According to the statement from Walter and Scott (1979) describes that I can listen well what I want to. From the feedback from my tutor my communication skills are good enough she scored me 2 out of 3 but also said me to improve my listening skills which is an important part of communication. After solving the quiz on communication of Dr. Guffey in got a feedback of good communication skills but an improvement in listening skills. It is important also as I need to work with teams in my course and if I do not listen to them properly I whitethorn not able to understand their point of view which leads to hamper on my assignments. To improve my this skill I started reading books by authors like Pramila Ahuja GC Ahuja (2007) which have a practical approach to listen effectively curiously and from the book of Lisa J Downs (2008) where she discussed about the importance of self awareness in being a good listener.Time Management SkillsArt of time counsel is important to do the work effectively and efficiently. By a quiz on this I come to know that I am good in time management but there are some interruptions which I should manage and even I think it is my one of the biggest weaknesses. Time management plays a very important role in my academics beca physical shape if I miss my classes then I may lose many of the information given by my tutor and the discussions between my convention members. By doing my SWOT analysis I felt that time management can be one of my strength if I grip my interruptions well. An fount from book Managing Time (2007) which is when a salesman gets interruption by his phone call during his work which leads in discontinuation of work, it happens same with me like phone ring, message chuck etc interrupts my mind during my work. To manage this I need to improve my concentration direct by d oing some meditation and yoga exercises.Team WorkIn this era to do your work you need to work in teams. As with me in my first assignment of the course I need to do a presentation with my team which consist of people of different closes. To do well in academics I have to develop my skills of working as a team member and I do not do well than it will effect on my academics. To improve this I start getting feedbacks from my team members where I found that some time I am not able to understand their point of view and I do not want that my this weakness hamper my studies so I start reading books on how to work effectively in team by David fix buck (2007) and Michel A West (1997). In performing leadership roles an individual must be an effective team player. By doing a questionnaire of Kurt Lewin I found myself as a participative and delegative leader which is very important to lead a team, even I lead a team in my first assignment of sustainable strategy.Quantitative Analysis skillsIt is deals with estimating results and computational operations. It reflects the ability of analytic skills. I consider as accountancy is one of my weaknesses and I want develop this skill quickly before it effects my studies negatively. As my course is financial services I need is to have a vast and deep knowledge about the finance. I should understand the charts and rime which are there in the module. To enhance my skills I think I should watch business channels or news channels like BBC and reading magazines like business today, and newspaper like financial times etc. with this help I can update myself with the financial commercialize and able to understand the denary terms. Books like L.S. Porwal (2001) Clyde P Stickney, Kathrin Schipper Roman L Wei (2009) also helped me a lot in improving my knowledge about balance sheet and cash flows. During the assignments of finance I test the financial data of Tesco PLC and Lloyds TSB Bank. This also helps in improving my finance skills .Presentation skillsPresentation skills are required for effective communication in both speech and written format. For this skill I need to improve my delivery of speech, body language and organising and writing of data. I planned to do rehearsals and collecting feedbacks from my mentors and group members. Even watching different speeches and documentaries of scholars on internet website like YouTube etc also helped me effectively to improve my skills. A good presenter must keep the attention of the audience towards himself and to gain this ability I think I should do time to time rehearsals before my final presentation. Using of technology by watching my video of giving presentation also helps me in identifying my weak points.ConclusionAfter evaluating my core skills and by doing questionnaires and getting feedback from both the tutors and team members I can conclude that my strength lays in indigence powers either self or others. I manage my time effectively and I am a kinaesthet ic leader and to do well in my studies I should attend classes and discussions. I should take advantage of my skill of participative and delegative leader in leading a team by portion appropriate work to each member and by taking get in in their work. However, I also need to learn accounting principles and rules and ways of effective presentation and listing others and others point of view with managing interruptions and taking feedbacks which helps me in achieving my goal of becoming an MBA in global financial services with A grade.APPENDIXLEARNING JOURNALDateWhat I didWhy I did itWhat I learnedHow or where I could open itAny improvement or development required14.10.10I had an introduction with my group and learn the habits of learning.Assess my core skills like cognitive, communication, problem solving, learning etc.I did it for further interaction with group members.To learn what skills I have and what I have to improve. I did SWOT Analysis on myself.I learn how to represent ourselves in the group and also learned about my dress hat learning way.I come to know about my core skills which I had. I learned about my own weak points and plus points.I can polish my learning habits by reading in the best way in which I understand more.I can admit these skills in every part of my life.I need to improve my different core skills like communication, lake of confidence, critical intellection etc.I need to involve more with individuals in both formal and informal way.21.10.10I come to learn about the learning styles and took a self sort on my skills.I access my academic skills and analyse the ways to develop it.As a part of my module I analyse my style of learning, which can help in my studies and discover the areas which I need to improve.By self- military rank on my skills I come to know about my weakness and strengths.I come to know that my best leasing style is reflector by dear AND MUMFORDS LEARNING STYLE.I learn best when I listen or watch. I reflect or r eview the situation and carefully analyse them.In my lifelong learning and in my other modules I can apply it.For some detail research and in exchanging of ideas with others.I am very slow in decision making and very button-down about the things.I am lacking in small dialogue with other.I have to improve my lateral thinking for my decisions and planning.28.10.10I learn to manage my studies based on FAYOLS 5 FORCES.Took a self ready listening test with group mates.I identify my study goal and discover my own management style with an organised time management and learning technologies and colleagues.For active listening I had a group discussion on my own experience and asking questions about the previous experiences.I learned how to plan my resources and timeCarefully and flexibly.To create balance between the demands of family and friends.Use of relaxed body language and efficient communication skills.It will help me best in corporeal sector as there I have to prove my management skills.For a communication with others active listening skills are very useful.I have to improve my listening skills and actively participate in group practise.To manage time and group in my family business with my management skills.28.10.10Critical reading analysis and deep learning with the help of note taking.I had an bodily function on time management.I know about my critical reading skills and how they have an effect on my studies in a good manner.I learned how time management helps in my studies and regular routine.I come to know that my reading skills are not that much good, I am a deep learner but some boring readings made me surface learner.I did evaluation of different models and learned how they make my decision effective.I learn how I do my studies and what the barriers are which affect my studies other things.I can apply this in my studies and reading of different articles and executive brief and books.After this activity I can apply this in my work and regular routi neI need to clear the concept and the assumption which the author is making and need to learn more deeply. I have to focus mainly on the purpose and context of the book.I have to improve my time management skills by making my schedule and some key techniques for it.05.11.10I did a presentation on Google in China.It was an assignment for my strategy module.I was the leader of my group and assign the work to my group members.I learn more about my presentation skills and still need to improve my time management skills.I learn how to delegate work to others and how to lead a group.I can use these skills in other presentation and express the others more effectively.I can apply this in my job as this helps me in prove myself at my work place.I have to improve my critical thinking and time management.I can improve my skills by doing planning and rehearsals.14.11.10I wrote an essay on my leadership skills.It was my module assignment for leading in changing world.I give feedback to my group members.I learn what the leadership skills required and different models of leadership.I learn that how to give feedback and motivate the group members on their leadership skills.I can use these skills in leading a group in other modules and corporate sector.I can use my leadership skills in giving feedback to others who are working with me.I found that my communication skill is quite weak and I have to work on my long visionary thinking also.I have to improve my need skill also to impress others.21.11.10I analysis on my motivation point.I discover my own self management model by studying different theories of motivation like GOAL THEORY.I learn about the how to put objective SMART and how I inspire myself to achieve my goals.I can apply this in motivating myself and in achieving my goal of both in professional and personal.I am very bounded with my esteem needs and for that I have to face many different situations.05.12.10I learnt how emotionally news show affects work and soci al formats.I did it to understand the emotions and employ them in thinking and creating work.I learned that how emotions differentiate the individuals objective and how to use the emotions in communicating feeling.I can use this skill in understanding individuals.I can manage the team of different culture people by using this unique skill.I am not so good in communicating feelings with others. I cant critically analysis their different approach or thinking towards the work which is to be done.12.12.10I discuss with factor influencing successful studies and academic skills and need of Growth mindset as a learner.As an activity taken by the tutor and to know in what why I can enhance my academic skills.I learned about the team core skills and how to manage and recognise emotions.I can apply this in my group work. As different culture people work together it becomes easy for me to understand them.I need to improve my skills in understanding the relations and emotions of different cultu re.16.12.10I did an exercise of BRAIN STROM which was on the benefits of completing internships and dissertation.I want to know that which option will give benefit to me and in which area I need more improvement.I share my ideas and points on this and able to know what I have to do in my internship programme.I learnt the different required standards and students activity which are mandatory for the programme.I learn about the employability skills that current UK employers need.I can apply this learning in my future plans regarding this programme of internship or dissertation.I can apply my learning in workplace or in corporate world.I think I need to improve my employability skills like team work, application of information, self management etc. nerve centre Skills Self Assessment and SWOTCore SkillSkill military rank (1-10)Low =1 High = 10EvidenceInsert an example to support your ratingcognitive skills critical thinking, analysis and synthesis5In group discussion and in using di fferent models I realized that I am not a good critical thinker. I feel difficulties in the application of models and different concepts.Problem solving and decision making using quantitative and qualitative data8As I am a leader of my group I realized that I can solve the problems related to assignments and work easily but some time I feel panic in taking quick decisions which I have to improve more.Research and fact-finding skills as part of individual and team assignments5In my assignments I feel difficulty in doing research and collecting data I take more time in application and analyzing the data. Even I take long time in getting up with new idea.Information and communications technology skills using a range of business applications7I have efficient ability in using the technology in business. I am good in using internet and having a good body language for my communication skills.Numeracy and quantitative skills data analysis, interpretation and extrapolation4I feel difficulty in data analysis, I understanding graphs and numeric terms and accounting principles. Using online resource for data on FAME, GMID etc makes me confused and puzzled. I have to improve skills.Communication skills oral and written English, using a range of media7As I consider my communication skills I think I am good in convey my message and expressing my feelings. My written English also good as I have a lot of practice in writing reports and articles in my previous studies.Interpersonal skills talking, listening and negotiation9This is my strength I am very good in interacting with others. Even my friends and group member also appreciate for my listening skills and I am always ready to cooperate my group members.Team-working skills leadership, team-building, influencing others8I worked as a leader for my group and I think I am good in motivating others and even for my group reports my teammates we all work together on different presentations.Through my skills I influence others as they listen to my views and gave their acceptance on my views.Personal management skills time management and planning, motivating yourself, using initiative4My time management skills is poor I work till the end of time, that makes me panic and confused. I make planes for my work but I am not able to track them always. I also feel a bit difficult in taking initiative and but I am good in motivating myself and others.Learning skills reflective, adaptive and collaborative7My learning skills are also good but I need a lot of improvement in it. As my previous studies human body is totally different but I adapt this new one easily, I like to learn different ways of learning things which makes me efficient in grasping new things.Self-awareness sensitivity and openness to others who are different to you, emotional intelligence8I am very capture kind of nature. But I like to interact others but afterwards getting global exposure I got confidence and able to learn the emotions of differen t cultures.SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) for my current study and future career plansMY STRENGTHS difficulty SOLVING AND DICISION MAKING using quantitative and qualitative data.INTERPERSONAL SKILLS taking and interacting with others and active listing.TEAM-WORKING SKILS leadership skills, team-building ability and motivation and influence others.SELF sensory faculty Understanding emotions and openness to others who are different in culture and having different thinking.MY WEAKNESSESCOGNITIVE SKILLS critical analysis, decision making ability, mapping of ideas.QUANTITATIVE psychoanalysis SKILLS understanding financial data both graphs and numbers, analysis on accounting principles.TIME MANAGEMENT SKILLS dividing the task as par priorities, planning for achieving goals, tracking the progress of my tasks.PRESENTATION SKILLS writing the report, speech delivery, body language, organizing the dataMY OPPORUNITIESCognitive skills critical thinking and analysis an d application in real things.Learning skills reflective and active learning in which I can learn more.RESARCH AND INVESTIGATIVE SKILLS research for the assignments for individuals and group assignments.MY THREATSNumeracy and quantitative skills data analysis, financial analysis, understanding balance sheets and strategy of the industry.Expressing my emotions and understanding different cultured people.